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LAB > Lab 9: The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Lab 9: The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the Skeletal Systems?
(3)

A

Cartilages
Joints
Ligaments

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2
Q

3 functions of bones

A
  1. form joints
  2. Site for ligament (bone to bone) / tendon (muscle to bone) attachment
  3. allow for passage of nerves and blood vessels
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3
Q

how many bones does adult have and what are the 2 divisions

A

206
Appendicular skeleton (126 bones)
Axial skeleton (80 bones)

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4
Q

3 examples of axial skeleton

A

Skull
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage

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5
Q

what part of limbs is appendicular skeleton and give examples

A

Upper + lower limbs
Arms, legs, hands, feet, joints

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6
Q

5 classification of bones

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

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7
Q

example and meaning of long bones

A

longer limbs
Ex: arm, humerus, ulna, femur
- curved for strength

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8
Q

example and meaning of compact bones

A
  • at surface of long bones (diaphysis/ shaft region)
  • epiphyses: contain spongy bone covered by thin layer of compact bone
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9
Q

short bones example and meaning

A
  • small + boxy
    Ex: carpal bones & tarsal bones
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10
Q

describe flat bones and give examples

A
  • thin, rough, parallel surface
  • roof of skull, sternum, scapulae
    Ex: frontal, occipital, parietal
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11
Q

example and describe irregular bones

A
  • complex w/ flat, short, ridged surface
    Ex: hip bones, pelvis, spinal vertebrae)
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12
Q

example and describe sesamoid bones

A
  • flat, small, like sesame seed
  • located near joints @ knees, hands, feet
    Ex: tendons, kneecaps, patella
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13
Q

ossification occurs when in skull

A

during developing embryo

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14
Q

location of skull

A

embryonic skull by a process, intramembranous ossification

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15
Q

fontanels function

A

Provide flexibility to fetal skull
=Allow skull to compress ass it passes through birth canal and permit brain growth

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16
Q

how many bones in adult skull and 3 things that they are composed of

A

facial bones cranial + suture,
= 22 total of cranial and facial bones

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17
Q

cranial function

A

enclose + protect brain and site of attachment of head + neck muscles

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18
Q

what does facial bone form

A

form face, hold teeth, anchor muscles of facial expression

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19
Q

what are sutures

A

immovable joints (coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid)

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20
Q

what is the u shaped bone called

A

hyoid

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21
Q

location and function of hyoid

A

Location: anterior part of neck below mandible
Function: attachment point for muscles of tongue + larynx

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22
Q

3 types of vertebral column and how many are there

A

cervical (bfast 7)
Thoracic (lunch 12)
Lumbar (dinner 5)

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23
Q

4 functions of vertebral column

A

=strong, flexible rod that extends from skull to pelvic area
=Encloses and protect spinal cord
=Support head
=Serves as attachment point for ribs, pelvic girdle, muscles of neck and back

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24
Q

2 things hyoid bone consists of

A

Thick disc shaped body
Vertebral foramen (spinal cord)

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25
Q

4 Curvatures function:

A

Increase strength
Help maintain balance
Absorb shocks when moving
Help protect vertebrae from fracture

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26
Q

is Thoracic + sacral curves concave (cupping in)

A

yes

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27
Q

is cervical + lumbar curves concave (cupping in)

A

no, bulging out (convex)

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28
Q

Transverse foramina function

A

allow passage for artery and vein

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29
Q

whats the smallest and lightest vertebral

A

Cervical
7 vertebrae (C1 - C7)

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30
Q

ATLAS (C1)

function and describe its image

A

bony ring (support head)
nodding head yes

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31
Q

atlas C1 has superior articular facet, what is this

A

receive occipital condyles of skull

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32
Q

description of axis C2 and its for nodding hear __

A

large, tooth like process
nodding no

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33
Q

Axis C2 function

A

dens / odontoid process

arises from vertebra body

Attach to anterior part of atlas

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34
Q

2 features of thoracic

A

Heart shaped body (others are rectangle)
Circle foramen (others triangle)

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35
Q

how many vertebrae in thoracic

A

12 vertebrae (T1 - T12)

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36
Q

how many vertebrae in lumbar? and its the _ and _ vertebrae

A

5 vertebrae (L1-L5)
Large + heavy vertebrae (weight bearing)

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37
Q

features in lumbar

A

Thick body
Short spinous process
Triangle vertebral foramen

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38
Q

sacrum function

A

Function=strong support for pelvic girdle
5 fused sacral vertebrae

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39
Q

how does coccyx point in female and male

A

Female: it points inferiorly to allow passage of baby for birth
Male: points anteriorly

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40
Q

what forms anterior wall of thoracic cage / bony thorax

A

sternum

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41
Q

3 fused bones of sternum and describe them

A

1) Manubrium
= Articulate w/ clavicle (pectoral girdle) + first pair of ribs
2) Body
= Articulate w/ 9 pair of ribs
3) Xiphoid process

42
Q

thoracic cage is composed of

A

sternum + ribs (12 paired ribs)

43
Q

3 types of ribs

A

1) True ribs: First 7 have direct anterior attachment to sternum
2) False ribs: Remaining 5 ribs attached indirectly to sternum or not at all
3) Floating ribs: 2 @ the end (float in muscles in back)

44
Q

what are appendicular bones and give 2 types

A

bones of limbs
pectoral (shoulder) girdle
Pelvic (hip) girdle

45
Q

what is pectoral girdle and 4 things its composed of

A

bones of each arm articulate w/ pectoral girdle (2 clavicles + 2 scapulae)

46
Q

shape of clavicle and function

A

S shaped
Function: interior brace to prevent shoulder dislocation

47
Q

give 2 types of clavicle

A

1) Medial (sternal) end = blunt & smooth
Articulate w/ manubrium of sternum
2) Lateral (acromial) end = broad & flattened
Articulate / acromion process of scapula

48
Q

shape and function of scapula

A

large, triangular
Function: protect back of chest and shoulder motion

49
Q

4 types of upper limbs and what are they composed of

A

1) arms (brachium)
=Humerus
2) Forearms (antebrachium)
=Ulna
= Radius
3) Wrists (carpus)
= carpal bones (8)
4) Hands
=metacarpal bones (5)
= Phalanges (14)

50
Q

largest and longest bone of upper limb

A

humerus

51
Q

2 ends of humerus

A

Proximal end = articulate w/ glenoid cavity of scapula
Distal end = articulate w/ radius + ulna

52
Q

what sides are the ulna and radius

A

ulna = medial side
Radius = lateral side

53
Q

what are the distal and proximal end of ulna

A

Proximal end of ulna = humerus
Distal end of ulna = fibrocartilage

54
Q

strong bony ring attached to sacrum is called

A

pelvic girdle

55
Q

3 components of pelvic girdle

A

ring, coxa, bony pelvic

56
Q

3 bones of coxa

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

57
Q

bony pelvis is made up of 3 things

A

coxae + coccyx + sacrum

58
Q

5 components of lower limb

A

Thighs (femur)
Kneecaps (patella)
Legs (tibia + fibula)
Ankles (tarsus)
Feet (metatarsal bones + 14 phalanges)

59
Q

longest + heaviest bone in body

A

femur

60
Q

patella is what type of bone

A

sesamoi

61
Q

patella is what type of bone

A

sesamoid

62
Q

medial and larger bone of leg is

A

tibia

63
Q

long slender bone on lateral side is

A

fibula

64
Q

tibia function

A

Function: transmit weight of body from femur onto foot

65
Q

fibula function

A

Function: provide stability to ankle joint

66
Q

2 components of feet

A

calcaneus and talus

67
Q

talus is articulates w/ ??

A

tibia and fibula

68
Q

large, strong heel bone is called

A

calcaneus

69
Q

process definition

A

any projection of bump

70
Q

tuberosity

A

small, rough projection that occupy broadd area of bone surface

71
Q

tubercle

A

small rounded projection

72
Q

trochanter meaning

A

large rough projection

73
Q

what is the smooth rounded articular projection @ surface of bones called

A

condyle

74
Q

bony bumps at bottom of humerus is

A

epicondyle

75
Q

facet

A

small flat articular surface

76
Q

prominent ridge is

A

crest

77
Q

expanded proximal end of a bone that forms part of a joint

A

head

78
Q

round opening in a bone is thur which blood vessels and nerve go

A

foramen

79
Q

large passageway through substance of a bone

A

meatus

80
Q

fossa is

A

the shallow depression in a bone surface

81
Q

what is the only movable bone

A

mandible

82
Q

which suture passes thru foramen magnum

A

spinal cord

83
Q

occipital condyles rest upon which bone

A

atlas c1; cervical vertebrae

84
Q

7 bones in eye orbit

A

sphenoid
frontal
zygomatic
ethmoid
lacrimal
maxilla
palatine

85
Q

13 bones that form face

A

paired
= nasal bones
= inferior nasal conchae
= palatine bones
= maxillae
= zygomatic bones
= lacrimal bones

unpaired
= mandible
= vomer

86
Q

thoracic vertebra function

A

allows u to identify region of vertebral column it is from

87
Q

which bones are the first 7 bones of backbone

A

cervical

88
Q

which vertebrae do ribs articulate with

A

t1-t12 thoracic verterbae

89
Q

scoliosis menaing

A

sideiway curve to spine

90
Q

kyphosis

A

exaggerated forward rounding of upper back (hunchback)

91
Q

2 bones contribute to zygomatic arch

A

zygomatic bone and temporal

92
Q

thoracic cage function

A

protect heart and lungs
= structures serves as attachment point of respiration for breathing

93
Q

2 bones composed of hard palate

A

maxilla and palatine

94
Q

why are bodies of lumbar vertebrae big

A

need to support body weight when standing

95
Q

true pelvis meaning and what does it contain

A

contains colon, rectum bladder and it encloses pelvic cavity and bordered by bone on all sides

96
Q

false pelvis function

A

supports intestines (ilium and sigmoid colon) expanded portion of ilium

97
Q

how to tell b/w male and female pelvis

A

pelvic brim in
male = heart
female = oval

pubic arch
male = 90 degree
female = wide, more than 90

98
Q

which bone articulates with acetabulum and tibia

A

femur

99
Q

whch bone u sit down on

A

ischium

100
Q

to which bone of axial does pectoral girdle attach

A

manubrium of sternum

101
Q

what bones compose palm of hand

A

metacarpal

102
Q

3 bones compose of os coxae

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

LAB (12 decks)

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