Foot Care Flashcards

1
Q

basic equine foot care (4)

A

routine cleaning/picking out bottom of hoof with pick
routine trimming and shoeing if necessary
corrective trimming if necessary
treatment of injury/disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a good foot (5)

A

thick hoof wall
adequate sole depth
solid heel base
growth rings below coronary band are equal size at toe and heel
acceptable conformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hoof pastern axis (3)

A

cannon bone should be perpendicular to ground when viewed from the side (standing still)
should be straight line that passes through middle of the 3 phalanges
dorsal surface of pastern and dorsal surface of hoof wall form straight line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how is sole depth measured

A

from ground to tip of coffin bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ideal sole depth

A

0.3-0.4 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

farrier

A

specialist in hoof care
trim and balance hooves
place shoes
blacksmith’s skills with vet skills to care for feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

external/hoof problems (8)

A

medial to lateral hoof imbalance
sheared heels
contracted heels
quarter cracks
thrush
white line disease
canker
hoof wall avulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

medial to lateral hoof imbalance: definition, effect

A

outside toe strikes ground before heel, with inside heel landing last
uneven forces across hoof and uneven loading of lower limb joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sheared heels: cause/definition, effects

A

hoof capsule distortion from displacement of one heel bulb proximally to other heel bulb
subsolar bruising, quarter cracks, thrush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

contracted heels: definition, more common in what feet

A

heels narrower than normal
more common in front feet
occurs more rapidly in feet with long toe low heel conformation and with disuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most common hoof wall defect =

A

quarter cracks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

thrush: definition, characteristic, cause

A

degenerative condition of the frog
black necrotic exudate and foul smell
wet, unhygenic conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

white line disease aka

A

seedy toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

white line disease: definition, location of lesion, causes

A

keratolytic process on solar surface –> break down outer layers, decrease thickness
progressive separation of inner zone of hoof wall (in nonpigmented horn at junction between stratum medium and stratum internum)
mechanical stress, poor environmental conditions, selenium toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

canker: definition, where it starts, effect, common in what breed

A

infectious process results in development of chronic hypertrophy of horn producing tissue
starts in frog
common in draft breeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hoof wall avulsions

A

sheet metal
complete or partial
seriousness/prognosis related to depth of avulsion and amount of tissue removed

17
Q

internal/foot problems (10)

A

subsolar abscess
laminitis
street nail
navicular disease
pedal osteitis
P3 fractures
sidebone
quittor
gravel
keratoma

18
Q

what is the most common cause of acute, severe lameness

A

subsolar abscess

19
Q

subsolar abscess: cause, process, target of treatment

A

localized accumulation of purulent exudate between germinal and keratinized layers
bacteria gain entry through break in white line, misplaced nail or puncture would
establish drainage

20
Q

laminitis: definition, effects

A

failure of soft tissues that suspend distal phalanx within hoof wall
loss of interdigitation between dermal and epidermal lamellae (distal phalanx displaced)
rotation and/or sinking

21
Q

4 clinical entities that cause laminitis

A

sepsis/endotoxemia
excessive weight placed on limb due to injury to opposite limb
cushing’s
equine metabolic syndrome

22
Q

street nail: definition, what can be affected, how serious is this

A

metallic puncture would to sole
can affect synovial structures
always an emergency

23
Q

most common cause of chronic forelimb lameness

A

navicular disease

24
Q

navicular disease is responsible for what proportion of all chronic forelimb lameness

A

1/3

25
Q

navicular disease: definition, associated structures

A

lameness associated with pain arising from navicular bone and closely related soft tissue structures = Deep digital flexor tendon, navicular bursa, distal sesamoidean impar ligament

26
Q

pedal osteitis

A

inflammatory condition that results in demineralization of P3
focal or diffuse radiolucency of bone
septic and non septic

27
Q

P3/coffin bone fractures: cause, treatment

A

single event trauma (horse kicks wall)
many configurations
confinement, corrective shoeing +/- foot case

28
Q

sidebone

A

ossification of collateral cartilages of foot
common in larger breeds (warmbloods, draft horses)
forefeet more commonly affected
usually incidental finding

29
Q

quittor

A

infection/necrosis of collateral cartilages
direct injury to cartilage
abscess/fistulous tracts break open at coronary band

30
Q

gravel

A

ascending infection of white line
opening in white line at sole/wall junction permits infection to invade laminae = abscess
abscess comes to head at coronary band

31
Q

keratoma

A

keratin containing tissue that grows between hoof wall and distal phalanx
visible deviation at coronary band and/or hoof wall
mostly affects toe and quarter