Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PVM > Horse GI System > Flashcards

Horse GI System Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of fermenters are horses

A

Hindgut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Path of digesta/food through horse stomach

A

Mouth —> esophagus —> stomach —-> duodenum —> jejunum —> ileum —> cecum —> right ventral colon —> sternal flexure -> left ventral colon —> pelvic flexure —> left dorsal colon —> diaphragmatic flexure —> right dorsal colon —> transverse colon —> descending/small colon —> rectum/anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bands of the colon are called

A

Taenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are there taenia in small intestine

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name of taenia in ileum

A

Antimesenteric band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many bands/taenia in cecum

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

number of taenia: ventral colon, pelvic flexure, dorsal colon, small colon

A

Ventral - 4
Pelvic - 1
Dorsal - 3
Small - 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rugae definition

A

Series of ridges produced by folding of wall of organ =stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Haustra:definition, how formed

A

Small segmented pouches of bowel separated by Haustral folds
Formed by circumferential contraction of inner muscular layer of colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is outer longitudinal laye r of colon organized

A

Into 3 bands/taenia coli running from cecum to rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What side of the body are duodenum and cecum on

A

Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Esophagus: function, unique feature

A

One way transport = no vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stomach function

A

Enzymatic breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Small intestine function

A

Digest rapidly available carbs and protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where/when do horses obtain most of their protein during digestion process

A

Digestion in foregut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cecum function

A

Where cellulose is broken down
*carbs and proteins in cell walls of plants that escape digestion in small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Functions of colon

A

Reabsorption of water
Some fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of descending/small colon

A

Form fecal balls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does microbial fermentation occur (2)

A

Cecum
Colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hindgut fermentation products (3)

A

CO2
Methane
Volatile fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hindgut vs foregut fermentation

A

Foregut = enzymatic
Hindgut = microbial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Microbial fermentation in hindgut allows horses to

A

Breakdown cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens to hindgut fermentation products

A

Absorbed through intestinal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3 volatile fatty acids: fermentation products

A

Proprionate
Acetate
Butyrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Proprionate

A

VFA used for Glucose production

26
Q

Acetate

A

VFA converted to acetyl Coa —> used for immediate energy or fat synthesis

27
Q

Butyrate

A

VFA converted to acetyl CoA for energy or fat synthesis

28
Q

Disadvantages of hindgut fermentation (5)

A

-less efficient
-already absorbed most nutrients in foregut so nitrogen poor material entering hindgut promotes LESS microbial growth
-passage more rapid through hindgut
-less efficient at absorbing vitamins and proteins
-not digestible protein present in microbes = LOST

29
Q

Microbiota consists of (3)

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa

30
Q

Which phylum constitutes majority of microbiota

A

Fermicutes

31
Q

Colic definition

A

Abdominal pain of any kind

32
Q

Colic: behavioral signs

A

Sweating, pawing, tachycardia, tachypnea, rolling, stretching out, biting or looking at sides, kicking at abdomen

33
Q

Margo plicatus

A

Separates upper squamous stomach from lower glandular stomach

34
Q

2 types of equine gastric ulcer syndrome

A

Equine squamous gastric disease
Equine glandular gastric disease

35
Q

Enteritis definition

A

Inflammatory disease of small intestine (>3mm)

36
Q

Acute enteritis: location, clinical signs

A

Proximal
Fever, reflux, leukocytosis, colic that resolves with decompression

37
Q

Chronic enteritis: clinical signs

A

Inflammatory bowel syndrome, neoplasia
Weight loss

38
Q

Small intestine Impaction definition

A

Simple obstructive lesion of small intestine

39
Q

3 types of small intestine impactions

A

Ileal impactions
Adhesions
Ascaridiasis

40
Q

Most common location of impaction in small intestine

A

Ileum

41
Q

2 Causes of ileal impactions

A

Feeding coastal Bermuda hay
Tapeworm infestation

42
Q

2 Clinical signs of small intestine strangulations

A

Severe pain
Serosanguinous belly tap

43
Q

Strangulating lipoma

A

Form on stalks in mesentery

44
Q

Epiploic foramen entrapment

A

small intestinal strangulation
Potential space: liver, caudal vena cava, portal vein

45
Q

Intessusception

A

type of small intestinal strangulation
Ileocecal tapeworms

46
Q

Inguinal hernias occur in what kind of horses

A

Stallions

47
Q

4 types of large colon impactions

A

Pelvic flexure
Sand impactions
Enteroliths
Cecal impaction

48
Q

Most common location of large colon impaction

A

Pelvic flexure: ventral colon to dorsal colon

49
Q

Sand accumulates in what 3 regions of large colon

A

Ventral colon
Right dorsal colon
Pelvic flexure

50
Q

Enteroliths

A

stones that can cause obstruction
Associated with legume hay with high calcium (alfalfa)
Right dorsal colon/transverse colon

51
Q

Cecal impaction

A

Associated with orthopedic surgical disease
More often a secondary condition

52
Q

2 types of large colon displacements

A

Nephrosplenic entrapment/left dorsal displacement
Right dorsal displacement

53
Q

Nephrosplenic entrapment: definition, can become what

A

Colon hangs between left kidney and spleen
Can become left dorsal displacement

54
Q

Right dorsal displacement

A

When pelvic flexure flips

55
Q

Colitis definition

A

Inflammatory disease of large colon

56
Q

3 etiologies of colitis

A

Infectious = salmonella
Verminous = encysted small strongyles
Caustic = sand

57
Q

Colon volvulus: definition, location

A

Severe, unrelenting abdominal pain
Gross dissension of abdomen
At mesenteric attachment of colon to dorsal body wall involving cecum and large colon
*obstruction caused by twisting of above areas

58
Q

Meconium impactions: who affected, location

A

Foals
1st poop when born gets stuck in descending colon

59
Q

Peritonitis: definition, causes, effect

A

Inflammation of peritoneum
Recent abdominal surgery, strongyles, infiltrative bowel disease, internal abscesses
Ileus

60
Q

Tapeworms cause what 3 things

A

Ileocecal intussusception
Cecocolic intussusception
Typhilitis

61
Q

Ascarids cause what kind of impaction

A

Small intestinal

62
Q

Large strongyles can cause what kind of colic

A

Thromboembolic
Cranial mesenteric aneurism

PVM (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions