speaking Flashcards
bear with me
wait until to fully explained
spectacular sunset
غروب دیدنی
panoramic view
منظره وسیع، دید پانورامایی
petrified
very afraid
feel nauseous
حالت تهوع
out of ordinary
غیر عادی
materialistic
مادی گرا
is ideal for conversation
is a perfect place for conversing on any topic enjoying some drink and sweet stuff
serves coffee, cakes, light snacks and a variety of hot and cold beverages
has a great cosy atmosphere
makes people feel more open with friends
Cafe
is a more formal dining place
offers much more varied service
has a greater variety of foods
is perfect for business meetings and conversations
Restaurant
What’s more,
One of them, to my mind,
One more difference that comes to my mind is
I can also add that
I should say. For example,
Well,
Also,
This is especially important in
This can be especially useful for
All these reasons taken together push me to choose a
What kind of people like to go to cafes?
booklovers (they will usually be neatly hidden in a corner, tucked away from the buzz of the cafe; they will pass hours and never notice anyone who walks in, for their eyes will remain glued to the page)
stressed workers taking a much-needed atmosphere change (they usually try to eat something in between conversations over the phone)
girls finishing up their shopping trips (they are usually deeply engrossed in gossip or taking photos for Instagram)
people who have set up their office up there
students who skip lectures in universities
business people who have no time to co home
What kind of things do you think can make a cafe or restaurant’s environment better?
there are lots of things that can be used to create a specific atmosphere for a cafe’s customers
creating an ideal atmosphere for customers requires focusing on several key factors
design and decor (a cafe may display art by area artists, bring in antiques and decorate with fresh flowers)
lighting (lighting has the power to completely change the mood of any space; whether dim or bright lighting is used, the atmosphere it creates can make a cafe more inviting; using darker lighting can create a cozy environment, whereas using brighter lighting can create a more energetic atmosphere; cafes can install dimmers, and change light sources to lamps or candles in the evening;
layout and fixtures (for example, tables, chairs, everything from menu and table placement to where customers order and pick up drinks; long communal tables say this is a place to gather with friends,
Why do young people like to study in a cafe instead of at home?
the obvious proximity to a caffeine source which energizes and unwinds the body as well as boosts the brain to store long-term memories
• a special ambiance which increases creativity, alertness and ability to learn
• a semi-distracting background which helps think more broadly and outside-the-box
• a low probability of being bothered there, especially if they appear to be studying
an unlimited amount of time they can be on the Internet
How do you teach them?
first, I myself had to learn how to teach to do it
I showed them how to do it and asked them
to repeat after me
I explained how to do it
I told them what mistakes beginners usually make and how to avoid them
• I made detailed instructions to refer to
• I read a number of articles which explian how to teach someone to do it
• we practised every day
Teaching-How do you feel about it?
I was happy when it was all over
• I felt a big relief when he or she finally managed to do it
I was really proud of myself
• I had a sense of satisfaction and relief
I thought it would be a piece of cake as it takes no more than two seconds to do it.
easy
How can we know what to do when we want to learn something new?
set a clear learning goal identify what we want to learn, why we want to learn it, and what we hope to achieve by doing so; having a clear goal will help us stay motivated and focused)
gather resources (research books, online courses, videos, articles, and other materials related to our learning goal; find resources that cater to our learning style and interests)
create a study plan (break down our goal into smaller, manageable steps and schedule time for learning into our routine; set deadlines for ourselves to keep ourselves accountable
practice actively (try to apply what we’ve learned in real-life situations, or do practice exercises that help us retain the information; use flashcards, self-tests, or spaced repetition to review and reinforce our learning)
get feedback (seek out feedback from peers, mentors, or teachers to help us understand what we’re doing well and what we need to improve)
join a community (consider joining a study group, an online forum, or a community of people interested in learning the same thing as us; talking with others and sharing our progress can help keep us motivated and also provide us with new perspectives and ideas)
stay curious (continuously seek out new information and resources related to our learning goal, and not be afraid to try new things; the more we expose ourselves to new information, the more opportunities we have to learn and grow)
ways to approach the process of learning something
assess our current knowledge before we begin learning, it can be helpful to assess what we already know about the subject; this can help us identify any gaps in our understanding and determine what specific areas we need to focus on)
determine our learning style (different people learn in different ways; some people are visual learners and respond well to videos or illustrations, while others are auditory learners and respond well to lectures or audio recordings; determine what our preferred learning style is and seek out resources cater to that style)
start with the basics (when we’re learning something new, it’s often helpful to start with the basics and work our way up; this can help us build a solid foundation of knowledge and make it easier to understand more complex concepts later on)
ask questions (not to be afraid to ask questions or seek help from others; whether it’s from a teacher, mentor, or peer, asking questions can help us clarify our understanding and ensure we’re on the right track)
experiment and make mistakes (learning often involves making mistakes and trying new things; we should embrace this process and not be discouraged by setbacks; the more we experiment and try new things, the more we’ll learn and grow)
Do people in your country like to watch videos to learn something?
a lot of people in my country find that they learn better from videos than from readin
videos provide a visual representation of the information being taught, which can help to make the material more memorable and easier to understand
videos can often convey information in a shorter amount of time than text, making it a more efficient way to learn
videos can be more engaging than reading text because they provide multiple forms of information, such as visual, auditory, and kinesthetic cues; this can make the material more interesting and interactive for the viewer
visual cues, such as images, diagrams, and animations, can help to make the material more memorable and easier to understand a video tutorial on a math concept can use diagrams to show the steps of a problem, making it easier for the viewer to understand the process)
auditory cues, such as music, sound effects, and voiceovers, can also add to the engagement of the video (for example, a video on a historical event can use background music to create a sense of atmosphere and tension, making the material more immersive)
Do you think ‘showing’ is a better way than ‘telling’ in education?
when teachers ‘show’ something, they provide students with a hands-on, visual, or experiential learning opportunity, which can make the material more memorable and meaningful
• by providing students with visual aids, such as diagrams, images, videos, or demonstrations, the teacher can help students understand complex concepts more easily, and in a way that is more memorable and meaningful
the picture or image can be a powerful tool to help students to visualize the concepts and make connections, so that they can better understand and remember the material
it allows students to actively engage with the material, make connections, and construct their own understanding
• it can promote critical thinking and problem-solving skills as students actively engage in the learning process
it allows teachers to convey complex ideas quickly and effectively
students can absorb the information faster and more easily than if they were just reading or listening to a verbal explanation
showing an example from real life can help students make connections between what they are learning in class and the real world
Do you think ‘showing’ is a better way than ‘telling’ in education?
when teachers ‘show’ something, they provide students with a hands-on, visual, or experiential learning opportunity, which can make the material more memorable and meaningful
• by providing students with visual aids, such as diagrams, images, videos, or demonstrations, the teacher can help students understand complex concepts more easily, and in a way that is more memorable and meaningful
the picture or image can be a powerful tool to help students to visualize the concepts and make connections, so that they can better understand and remember the material
it allows students to actively engage with the material, make connections, and construct their own understanding
it can promote critical thinking and problem-solving skills as students actively engage in the learning process
it allows teachers to convey complex ideas quickly and effectively
students can absorb the information faster and more easily than if they were just readine listening to a verbal explanation
a picture is worth a thousand words.
What practical skills can young people teach old people?
use smartphones, tablets, laptops, and other devices
use social media
• navigate online platforms
do online shopping and other internet-based activities
• use online resources for information and entertainment
• use social media platforms to stay connected with others and to stay up-to-date on current events
use modern kitchen equipment and utensils such as a slow cooker or coffee machine
use apps (for example, fitness apps or equipment to stay active and healthy, messengers to communicate with family and friends)
How can we teach an older generation to use new technology?
keep everything simple
• provide them with step-by-step demonstrations
walk them slowly through the basic steps
engage their personal interests
meet them at their interest level
• help them enroll in local classes
help them focus on the human elements of modern technology
help them see how it can positively impact their life
What’s the difference between children learning and adults learning what they have to learn?
Oh, I guess the main difference is the fact that children are dependent on their teacher to lead the learning while adults are self-directed and usually prefer to be responsible for what they choose to learn. What’s more, kids are motivated by external pressures and the consequences of failure while adults learn because of a desire of self-improvement, recognition and self-confidence. And the last difference I can name is that while learning kids mostly rely on the experience of their teacher unlike adults who always rely on their own life experience.
Where can we learn practical
Skills?
a friend who already has this skill
• video tutorials
step-by-step video lessons on the Internet
• online resources
• online programs
online courses
• blogs and forums
a coach
an expert
a specialist
a virtual reality simulation system
a mobile application
Do most people like planned travelling?
when people know what they’re going to do and when they’re going to do it, they can relax and not worry about making decisions on the fly
• when people know what activities and excursions are planned for the day, they can better plan their time to include rest and relaxation
• knowing what activities are planned for the day can help people budget their time and energy to ensure they have enough to enjoy all their activities without feeling exhausted
when all necessary arrangements are made in advance, people don’t have to worry about finding accommodation or transportation at the last minute; this can be especially stressful when traveling to a popular destination during peak season, or to a place with limited options
- when all necessary arrangements are made in advance, people can focus on enjoying their trip rather than worrying about logistics; this can help them relax and make the most of their time
when people book their accommodation and transportation in advance, they can often save money compared to last-minute bookings, or peak season prices
Most people enjoy planned traveling because having a clear itinerary and knowing what to expect:
eliminates stress and uncertainty
can reduce the stress and uncertainty that comes with not having a plan
can help people make the most of their time and make sure they don’t miss out on any must-see sights or activities
allows people to better balance their time between relaxation and activities, and have a good rest and enjoyment
can help people prioritize rest and relaxation
can help people budget their time and energy
Most people enjoy planned traveling because having a plan in place can help ensure that all necessary arrangements (e.g. accommodations, transportation) are made in advance, which:
can save time and reduce stress during the actual trip
• eliminates the need for last-minute booking
allows people to focus on enjoying the trip
• can save money
Why are historical cities popular?
offer a glimpse into the past and the opportunity to learn about the history and culture of a particular place
• often have well-preserved historical landmarks and architecture, such as castles, churches, and ancient ruins, which can be interesting and educational to visit
have a rich cultural heritage, with a variety of museums, art galleries, and cultural events that showcase the history and traditions of the area
often host a variety of cultural events, such as festivals, concerts, and theater performances, which can be enjoyable and educational
have a variety of tourist attractions, such as gardens, parks, and zoos, which can be appealing to visitors
• often have a variety of unique dining and shopping options, such as local artisanal products and traditional cuisine, which can be a draw for tourists
provide a beautiful and photogenic backdrop for tourists and photographers
Why do people go to other cities?
to see popular tourist attractions, such as landmarks, museums, and cultural events
• to get away from their everyday lives
• to visit their relatives who live there
to spend time with family or friends who live there
• to attend workshops, seminars, or other educational events
• to attend sporting events or concerts
• to try the local cuisine or to attend food and wine festivals
• to experience new things
• to try new activities
for business meetings, conferences, or work-related travel
• for medical treatment
Regardless of the specific reason, visiting another city can be an exciting and enriching experience, offering the opportunity to try new things and broaden one’s horizons.
Do you think tourists may come across bad things in other cities?
tourists may be more vulnerable to crime, such as pickpocketing or scams, when visiting a new city (for example, a tourist visiting a new city may have their wallet stolen by a pickpocket while riding on public transportation)
tourists may offend local customs or traditions due to a lack of understanding of the culture (for example, a tourist visiting a city with a different cultural tradition may accidentally offend local customs by wearing inappropriate clothing or by behaving in a way that is considered rude or disrespectful)
tourists may have difficulty communicating with locals if they do not speak the same language; this can make it harder to get around, find places to eat or stay, or get help it needed
tourists may be more prone to illness when visiting a new city due to different types of bacteria, viruses, and environmental factors
• tourists may have difficulty getting around in a new city if they are not familiar with the transportation system; this can make it hard to see all the sights and attractions they want to visit
tourists may be targeted by scams, such as fake tour operators or overpriced products
City
X is the city I fell in love with
the capital of X country
a mega city
a metropolitan city
a cosmopolitan
a regional center
• a provincial city
ancient
old
bustling
lively
fast-paced
hectic
crowded
vibrant
busy
noisy
charming
big
• huge
enormous
giant
large
• sprawling
beautiful
thriving
compact
• I don’t want to be tied down
I want to travel and see different parts of the world before I settle down
I’m still searching for a perfect place to live, work and raise a family
• I want to experience different cultures and try out different job opportunities
• I’m not ready to stop moving around
I’m too young to settle down and buy a house
the word ‘settle’ puts me into a cold sweat
I’m not ready to settle yet
I will feel homesick if I stay there for a long time
• real estate is super expensive there, so I won’t be able to buy my own flat or house I’m not yet ready to put down roots there
When I was there, I had plenty of free time, so I visited lots of places, such as X.
Unfortunately, I didn’t have enough time to visit its major attractions, which I want to see in the future
leisurely explore historically significant architecture, peaceful green spaces, and unique local attractions along the way
• visit the world’s tallest observation tower (or observation deck)
explore the entire city on foot do shopping
• try local street food go sightseeing
• visit popular historic sites
visit all the places the city is famous for
• visit a lot of museums
low crime rates
affordability (housing expenses, the prices for consumable goods, the price of petrol, utility services, taxes)
• accessibility, appearance and amenities employment opportunities climate education system cultural offerings
• commute time and public transportation options food options
• health care facilities
an airport, a train station, a bus station department stores, shopping malls,
shopping centres movie-houses, cinemas
sports centres, stadiums, swimming pools, sports grounds entertainment centres museums, art galleries theatres concert halls hotels
restaurants, cafes
parks and gardens, parkland, green spaces
• amusement parks, theme parks
• nightclubs, bars, pubs schools, universities, colleges kindergartens playgrounds
• hospitals, vet clinics
• a number of recreational facilities
• endless entertainment options a wide array of entertainment options
every type of entertainment
an abundance of events such as concerts, festivals and exhibitions
education
a number of educational institutions
transport
good transport links
an extensive network of trains and buses
it’s a magical place
the city is compact, making it easy and fun to explore on foot
• it’s the most walkable city of all; you can literally walk for days and still have something new to see
• the city is one of the best places for taking a stroll
there are countless routes that can be taken in different parts of the city
• I’m overwhelmed by its size and beauty this city is a shopper’s paradise there are endless entertainment options there are many places of cultural and historic value
• there are a lot of tourist attractions and museums
the city is laden with history
• there’s an eclectic mix of historic architecture and modern buildings
Does the development of technology affect the way we study?
technology has made it possible for students to access a wider range of educational resources and tools, and has made it easier for teachers to personalize instruction and provide a more engaging and effective learning experience
the advent of the internet and advancements in online learning
technology have made it possible for students to access educational content and resources from anywhere at any time
technology has also led to the development of educational software, such as interactive learning games, that can make learning more engaging and effective; these tools can be used to supplement traditional classroom instruction and help students understand complex concepts in a more interactive and dynamic way
virtual and augmented reality technology are becoming increasingly popular in education as they can provide an immersive learning experience that allows students to interact with virtual environments and objects in a way that is not possible in traditional classroom settings
technology has also made it easier for students to collaborate and work together on projects and assignments, regardless of their location
tools like online whiteboards, video conferencing, and shared document editors have made it possible for students to work together in real-time and share their work with others
• with the help of technology, teachers and students can now access data and analytics that provide information on student progress, where they are struggling and how they can improve; this helps teachers to adapt their teaching methods to better meet the needs of their students
Why do technology companies often upgrade their products?
Technology companies often upgrade their products for a variety of reasons.
to stay competitive in the marketplace (for example, Apple frequently releases new versions of the iPhone with updated features such as improved cameras and new color options)
to differentiate themselves from their competitors and attract new customers
to address customer feedback and improve the user experience (for example, a software company may release an update to fix a bug reported by customers that was causing the software to crash)
to take advantage of new technologies and advancements in the field (for example, a company that makes smart home devices may release new products that are compatible with the latest voice assistants such as Amazon Alexa or Google Home)
• to increase revenue
Why do big companies introduce new products frequently?
to stay ahead of the competition
• to stay competitive
to meet changing customer needs (for example, if a company notices that more and more people are interested in sustainable products, it may introduce a line of eco-friendly products)
• to increase revenue
to tap into new market segments and generate additional revenue
• to expand into new geographic regions or industries
to attract new customers and increase sales
to refresh a company’s image
Describe something you did that made you feel proud
What is the achievement?
1 became the champion of the world in boxing (football, etc.)
• I became the champion of Europe in chess (basketball, etc.)
• I earned my first money
I passed an exam in (for example, Maths)
I won a scholarship
I climbed Mount Everest
• I conquered my fear of
1. public speaking
2. drowning
3. driving
4. flying
5. heights
• I set up my own business
- I turned a small business into a big one
• I built a successful business singlehandedly
• I got a job at X company
• I quit smoking after being a heavy smoker for many years
• I lost 15 kilos in 6 months
• I knocked off X kilos
• I ran a marathon
got a driver’s license
I invented a new way to do something
I graduated with honours
- I got rated very highly for a project at school
• I rescued a stray cat (or a dog, bird)
I got an award for academic achievements (voluntary work or something else)
• I successfully completed an important project at work
• I successfully completed a school project and got an award
• organised an exhibition (or a trade fair)
I raised lots of money for charity
- I learned to play a musical instrument
• Tearned a foreign language
• I learned to draw got a promotion
• I learned to edit photos in Photoshop
Tearned to drive a car
I learned to swim
• Ilearned to ride a bike
I learned to speak in public confidently
• I became a recognised specialist in X
I got higher education abroad
I got an MBA degree travelled the world
•I wrote and published a book
I purchased a house
I purchased a car
• I created a foundation to fund good causes
Describe something you did that made you feel proud
how you did it
• I found a friend who did it
(semi)-professionally and asked them to help me
I read a book which covered all aspects of it
I watched video tutorials
1 practice along with video tutorials
I watched step-by-step video lessons on the Internet
• Tused online resources
• I used online programs
• I tried out an online course
• I read blogs and forums
• I found a coach who taught me to do it got expert advice
• Tearned through a lot of practice lused a virtual reality simulation system
• I consulted a specialist or a lot of specialists
I consulted an expert
I used a mobile application
I attended lectures
• istened to lectures
attended webinars
• I took an extensive course
• I worked day and night
• I worked hard
• I studied hard
I made an action plan
I made a tangible plan
I acquired necessary skills
• I stopped wasting time on irrelevant thinne
• I developed mastery in a chosen field
setting up a business:
I came up with an idea for a business I found a gap in the marketplace
• I created a business plan
I did market research
• I developed several strategies for market penetration
• I took a loan
• I found investors
I obtained necessary licenses and permits
• I chose a business structure
registered a company
I bought or rented premises
• I hired employees
I launched a website
I looked for different channels to promote my product or services
losing weight
1 exercised daily
I drank a lot of water daily
I stopped eating fast food
I ditched iunk food
• I stopped buying snacks
I started sticking to a diet
• I ate only healthy food
• I ate water-rich foods
I slashed calories
I took in fewer calories
I burnt more calories went jogging in the mornings
I ordered the smallest portion of everything I cooked foods in healthier ways such boiling, baking and stewing
• avoided sugar-sweetened beverages
Describe something you did that made you feel
proud
how difficult it was
It was difficult because:
I didn’t have enough experience was pressed for time it was really time-consuming
• I had neither experience nor money
• I had never done anything like that before
it took a considerable amount of planning and organisation on my part
I had to make sure I didn’t miss the smallest of details
• why you are proud of it
I didn’t give up though I was facing a lot of difficu ties
• I achieved great results without anybody’s help
I worked really hard to achieve this result
I achieved success despite a lot of hardships
I had the courage to take risk and go after my dream
I put a lot of effort in achieving this res
- I was fighting the battle of my life this is something I never thought I could do
Does everyone set goals for themselves?
lack of motivation (without a clear reason to pursue a goal, some people may not see the point in setting one)
fear of failure (some individuals may be afraid of failing and thus, avoid setting goals to avoid disappointment)
• perfectionism (perfectionists may avoid setting goals because they fear that anything less than perfection will be a failure)
uncertainty about future (some people may feel that their future is uncertain or that they don’t have control over it, so they prefer not to set goals until things go back to normal; for example, most Ukrainians are now experiencing uncertainty about their future; because Ukraine is still at war with russia, they may have to move frequently to avoid danger, and they may face limited access to resources and opportunities; in such an environment, setting long-term goals can feel impossible, as the future is so unpredictable; most people choose to focus on survival and immediate needs, rather than planning for the future and setting specific goals)
past experiences (negative experiences with goal-setting in the past can make individuals hesitant to set goals in the future)
• difficulty in prioritizing (people who have trouble prioritizing their time and resources may avoid setting goals)
Which is more important, personal goals or work goals?
I think that personal goals are important because they:
are the stepping-stones to a happier life
• give us life direction
• give us a sense of purpose
• boost our motivation and self-confidence
help us make the most of our life potential
help us take control of our own lives and make meaningful changes
• help us focus
- help us create a life full of meaning
• put us in the driver’s seat of our life
help us achieve wellbeing (a condition of flourishing where we thrive in many aspects of our life)
I think that professional goals are important because they:
are an excellent and important tool to handle our career effectively
• give us a framework to achieve milestones
guide our advancement in the appropriate direction
work as excellent indicators to measure the improvement we’ve made
motivate us to improve our level of professional success
Do people usually set different goals at different stages of life?
they experience changes in the aspects of life they consider important
they start to view life differently
they start to enjoy doing new things
their needs change
• their outlook on life changes
• their values change
On what occasions would adults feel proud of themselves?
Adults feel proud of:
their accomplishments
• the status and wealth they have achieved
• the things they have accomplished
• their financial decisions
their unique set of skills and talents which helped them get all their possessions
Adults feel proud of themselves when:
they get recognized for their work (for example, by receiving the employee of the month award or a bonus)
• get a promotion
• they help those in need
they help others resolve problems or conflicts
support good causes
• make charitable donations
• get awards
Adults feel proud of themselves if:
• they managed to avoid repeating the same mistakes
they managed to make a meaningful contribution to society, their company or team
they persisted and didn’t give up when the things got tough
they managed to overcome their fears and reach their goals
they faced failures, took responsibility and persevered
they had the courage to take risk and due to this succeeded in getting what they wanted
• they managed to get a high-paying job
they managed to make their dream come true
