Match Fixing

Question 1

Match Fixing/ Match Manipulation Definition:

Answer 1

Manipulation consists of altering the course of the sport event in order to get an unfair advantage

• an intentional act, arrangement, omission
• remove a part of the unpredictable nature of the sport

goal: to gain an unfair advantage for oneselfs or the others

Question 2

Macolin Convention

Answer 2

• legal instrument to detect manipulation of sports competitions.
  it requests public authorities to co-operate with sports organisations, betting operators and competition organisers to prevent, detect and sanction the manipulation of sports competitions. It proposes a common legal framework for an efficient international cooperation to respond to this global threat.

Question 3

Different Types of Manipulation

Answer 3

Type 1: Direct interference in the natural course of a sporting event or competition

Type 2: Modification of an athletes identify/personal information (passport changes the age, fix nationality, capabilities – players faked to be mentally ill)
Type 3: Modification that is non-compliant with criminal laws or sport rules related to playing surfaces, equipment, athlete physiology, sporting venue)

Question 4

How is Interpol involved?

Answer 4

• Criminal Involvement in Competition Manipulation & Sports Betting
• Cooperation between sports & law enforcement

Question 5

Two versions of match fixing/betting:

Answer 5

1) Finance, Network, Bribe
2) Finance, Bet, Conceal (verbergen), Launder

Question 6

Who stimulates the manipulations?

Answer 6

a) Exploitation of governance - abuse of dominant position
b) Exploitation of power/influence: abuse of financial/contractual position
c) External Influences: influencing the executors
d) Opportunistic: manipulate the expected outcome