Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Life support > CVS thrombosis > Flashcards

CVS thrombosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is thrombosis?

A

Solid mass of blood formed within the
cardiovascular system involving the interaction
of endothelial cells, platelets and the
coagulation cascade that impedes blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four key components that makes a blood clot?

A
  • Endothelium
  • Platelets
  • Coagulation
  • Fibrinolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the steps involved in normal haemostasis?

A
  1. Response to injury, vessel constriction
  2. Formation of unstable platelet plugs
    -Primary haemostasis
    –Platelet adhesion
    –Platelet aggregation
  3. Stabilisation of the plug with fibrin
    -Secondary haemostasis
    –Blood coagulation
  4. Dissolution of clot and vessel repair
    -Fibrinolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

VIEW SLIDES FOR CLOTTING FACTORS

A

VIEW SLIDES FOR CLOTTING FACTORS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the symptoms of DVT?

A
  • Pain & tenderness of
    veins
  • Limb swelling
  • Superficial venous
    distension
  • Increased skin
    temperature
  • Skin discoloration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does development of a venous thrombus depend on?

A
  • Changes in normal blood flow
  • Alterations in the constituents of the
    blood
  • Damage to the endothelial layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Virchow’s triad and what does it involve?

A

Implicates three contributing factors in the formation of thrombosis:
1. venous stasis,
2. vascular injury
3. hypercoagulability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can cause endothelial damage?

A
  1. Endothelial dysfunction
    -Smoking hypertension
    -Hypertension
  2. Endothelial damage
    -Surgery
    -Catheter
    -Trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can cause hypercoagulability?

A
  1. Hereditary
    -Factor V Leiden
    -Prothrombin G20210A
    -Protein C and S deficiency
  2. Acquired
    -Cancer
    -Chemotherapy
    -OCR/HRT
    -Pregnancy
    -Obesity
    -HIT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can cause stasis?

A
  1. Immobility
  2. Polycythemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What alterations can cause hypercoagulability?

A

-Decrease in fibrinolytic factors, anticoagulant proteins/activity
-Increase in coagulation factors, platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What veins can proximal DVT occur in?

A
  1. External iliac
  2. Common femoral
  3. Deep femoral
  4. Saphenous
  5. Femoral
  6. Popliteal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a higher risk of proximal DT?

A

Higher risk of pulmonary embolism
and post-thrombotic syndrome
(pain, swelling, maybe even ulcers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What veins can distal DVT occur in?

A
  1. Tibial
  2. Small saphenous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do distal DVT rarely cause?

A

Rarely cause pulmonary embolism
Rarely cause post-thrombotic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does post thrombotic syndrome result from?

A

Results from venous
hypertension

17
Q

What does post thrombotic syndrome reduce?

A

Reduces calf muscle
perfusion

18
Q

What does post thrombotic syndrome increase?

A

Increases tissue permeability

19
Q

What do anticoagulants do?

A

Anti-coagulants prevent blood clots

20
Q

What do thrombolytics/fibrinolytics reverse?

A

Thrombolytics/fibrinolytics reverse blood clots

21
Q

What is the treatment for patient that is cardiovascularly stable with acute VTE?

A
  • Anticoagulate
    -Immediate anticoagulant effect
    -Heparin then warfarin/DOAC or immediate DOAC - Rivaroxaban or apixaban
22
Q

What is the treatment for patient with circulatory collapse due to PE?

A
  • Thrombolysis
    -Alteplase (tissue plasminogen activator)
    -Streptokinase
    -Followed by heparin and warfarin or other - prevent recurrence
23
Q

What are the investigations pre-treatment for VTE?

A
  • Clotting screen
    – Prothrombin time (INR)
    – Partial thromboplastin time
    – Thrombin time
  • Full blood count
  • Urea and electrolytes
    – usually part of routine screen – to know creatinine
    clearance
  • Liver function tests
    – If clinical suspicion of liver disease
24
Q

What are examples of indirect Xa inhbitors and what do they do?

A

-Enhance antithrombin
–Fondaparinux
–Idraparinux

25
Q

What are examples of Direct Xa inhibitors and method of intake?

A

Oral
-Rivaroxaban
-Apixaban

Life support (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions