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Business 107: Organizational Behavior > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Motivation

___ refers to the psychological processes that stimulate excitement and persistence of voluntary actions aimed at some goal.

A

Motivation

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2
Q

___s theories attempt to identify internal factors that motivate an individual’s behavior and are based on the premise that people are motivated by unfulfilled needs.

A

Needs Theories

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3
Q

Needs

___ are psychological or physiological insufficiencies that provoke some type of behavioral response.

A

Needs

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4
Q

Abraham ___ proposed that motivation is the result of a person’s attempt at fulfilling five basic needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization.

This theory is called Abraham __ Hierarchy of Needs Theory

A

Abraham Maslow

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5
Q

Phys__ Needs

___ needs are those needs required for human survival such as air, food, water, shelter, clothing and sleep.

Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory.

A

Physiological Needs

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6
Q

Sa__ Needs

__ needs include those needs that provide a person with a sense of security and well-being. Personal security, financial security, good health and protection from accidents, harm and their adverse effects are all included in __ needs.

A

Safety Needs

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7
Q

Soc__ Needs

__ needs, also called love and belonging, refer to the need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance.

A

Social Needs

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8
Q

Est__ Needs

__ needs refer to the need for self-esteem and respect.

A

Esteem Needs

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9
Q

__-actualization needs describe a person’s need to reach his or her full potential.

A

Self-Actualization

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10
Q

Prog__ Principle

___ principle suggests that lower-level needs must be met before higher-level needs.

A

Progression Principle

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11
Q

Def__ Principle

___ principle claims that once a need is satisfied, it is no longer a motivator because an individual will take action only to satisfy unmet needs.

A

Deficent Principle

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12
Q

List the heirarchy of needs from lowest to highest need:
1. Physiological
2. __
3. Social
4. __
5. Self-Actualization

A
  1. Safety
  2. Esteem
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13
Q

Ne__-based theory of motivation

___-based theory of motivation contends that employees have needs and will perform when their primary and secondary needs are met. In the absence of need satisfaction, satisfaction with work will decline, and they will no longer be motivated to work.

A

Needs-Based theory of motivation

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14
Q

Pri__ Needs

___ needs are physiological in nature, like food, water, shelter and sleep. In the workplace, this translates to good working conditions, a safe work environment free from threats, salary and job security.

A

Primary Needs

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15
Q

Sec__

__ needs are internal states, like desire for power, achievement and belongingness. In the workplace, this means authority over one’s work, participation in decision-making, opportunities for advancement and good relations with management and co-workers.

A

Secondary Needs

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16
Q

Beh__

__-based theory of motivation contends that by manipulating certain behaviors in employees, they are more or less likely to perform. In other words, there are things a manager can do to either motivate an employee to perform - or do just the opposite.

A

Behavior-Based Theory of Motivation

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17
Q

Alderfer’s __ theory contends there are three basic needs an employee seeks to fulfill. As each need is fulfilled, it serves as motivation to fulfill a different need.

A

ERG

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18
Q

1) Exi__ 2) Rel__ 3)Gro__

What does ERG stand for in Alderferds Theory?

A
  1. Existance
  2. Relatedness
  3. Growth
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19
Q

Which ERG component does this describe?

The need for basic material existence, like physiological health and safety

A

Existance

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20
Q

Which ERG component does this describe?

The need for interpersonal connections, social status and recognition

A

Relatedness

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21
Q

Which ERG component does this describe?

The need for personal development, including creative and meaningful work

A

Growth

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22
Q

Frustration-__ is the tendency to seek to satisfy lower-order needs when higher orders are not met.

A

Regression

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23
Q

Alderford thinks that multiple needs can be satisfied at the same time.

T or F?

A

T

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24
Q

Acq__ Ne__ Theory

What theory did David McClelland develop?

A

Acquired Needs Theory.

25
Q

Every person holds an aspiration for achievement, power or affiliation.

These are the three components for which theory?

A

Aquired Needs Theory

26
Q

Need for __

Need for __ is greatest for those individuals who have a strong desire to excel. Achievers prefer work that has a moderate chance for success (about 50/50) and tend to avoid situations that are low-risk and those that are high-risk.

A

Achievement

27
Q

Those with a high need for __ seek agreement and compliance; approval and recognition are not of their concern.

A

Power

28
Q

Power seekers who are after ___ power have a strong desire to control others or cause them to behave in a way that is consistent with the power seeker’s wishes.

A

Personal Power

29
Q

Those power seekers who need __ or __ power work to use their power to help mobilize efforts aimed at organizational goals.

A

Institutional

30
Q

Being liked by others is the main goal of people with a high need for __.

A

Affiliation

31
Q

Which of these theories is based on the premise that one’s needs are acquired over time as a result of their experiences and includes the needs of achievement, power, and affiliation?

A

McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory

32
Q

Jo__ St__

__ __ Adams developed a work theory called equity theory.

A

John Stacey

33
Q

__ theory is based on the premise that employees will put forth a particular level of effort that they feel compares to the potential reward.

It comes down to a straightforward formula of inputs must be equal to outputs

A

Equity

34
Q

Victor __ developed the expectancy theory.

A

Vroom

35
Q

__ theory is based on the premise that a person will be motivated to put forth a higher level of effort if they believe their efforts will result in higher performance and thus better rewards.

A

Expectancy

36
Q

1. Ex__ 2. Pe__ 3. Re__

What are the three main components of expectancy theory?

A
  1. Expectancy
  2. Performance
  3. Rewards
37
Q

__ refers to the level of effort an employee is willing to exert in hopes that the increased effort will result in better performance.

A

Expectancy

38
Q

The level of __ is based on the strength of the relationship between an employee’s behaviors and the rewards that they receive from those actions.

A

Performance

39
Q

Edward ___ was a psychologist who, in 1911, developed the law of effect.

A

Thorndike

40
Q

The Law of __ states that behavioral responses to stimuli that are followed by a satisfactory response will be strengthened, but responses that are followed by discomfort will be weakened.

**Essentially, behaviors that are rewarded are often repeated, and those behaviors that are not rewarded are less likely to occur in the future.

A

Effect

41
Q

Rei__

The __ theory is a theory that looks at the relationship between behavior and its consequences.

A

Reinforcement

42
Q

__ reinforcement uses favorable consequences that reinforce the desired behavior as the correct behavior.

A

Positive

43
Q

Avo__

Negative reinforcement, or __, is used by managers to show an employee what the consequence of unacceptable behavior will be.

The goal is to get the employee to avoid the unacceptable behavior.

A

Avoidance

44
Q

__ is used by managers to decrease the probability of an inappropriate behavior being repeated by employees.

A

Punishment

45
Q

__ occurs when a manager ignores unacceptable behavior.

__ is similar to punishment in that its purpose is to decrease the probability of unwanted behavior. Neither positive nor negative reinforcement is used in hopes that the behavior will resolve itself.

A

Extinction

46
Q

___ Goal-Setting Theory says that when challenging goals are set for an employee, the proper tools are provided to accomplish those goals and positive feedback is given, the employee feels satisfaction with the performance and the reward.

A

Loke’s

47
Q

Douglas McGregor’s came up with 2 theories - Theory _ & _

A

Theory X & Y

48
Q

Theory _ is based on a pessimistic view of employee motivation and behavior.

A

X

49
Q

Theory _ managers believe employees are self-centered, dislike work, are unambitious, avoid responsibility, and dislike change.

A

X

50
Q

Theory _ is based on an optimistic view of employee motivation and behavior.

A

Y

51
Q

Theory _ managers assume employees are self-directed, enjoy responsibility and meaningful work, and are willing to work for organizational goals or causes they believe in.

A

Y

52
Q

Intrincically or Extrincically

What are forces that are inside yourself called?

A

Intrinsically

53
Q

Intrincically or Extrincically

What are forces that are outside yourself called?

A

Extrincically

54
Q

The self-__ theory suggests that everyone has three inherent psychological needs that must be met in order for their psychological well-being to be maximized.

A

Self-Determination

55
Q

1. Aut__ 2. Com__ 3. Rel__

What are the three inherent psychological needs that must be met in order for their psychological well-being to be maximized according to the Self-Determination Theory?

A
  1. Autonomacy
  2. Compentance
  3. Relatedness
56
Q

What element of the Self-Determination theory does this describe:

Everyone has a need to feel in charge of their own actions. Everybody has an internal aversion to being controlled and must feel that they have the freedom to choose how they perform tasks.

A

Autonomy

57
Q

What element of the Self-Determination theory does this describe:

Everyone must feel that they have the ability to perform the task adequately and control the outcome.

A

Competence

58
Q

What element of the Self-Determination theory does this describe:

Everyone has the need to be included as part of the group.

A

Relatedness

59
Q

Reduces or Increases

According to the Cognitive Evaluation Theory:

Extrinsic motivation, which decreases autonomy, __ intrinsic motivation.

A

Reduces

Business 107: Organizational Behavior (20 decks)

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