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625: Biomechanics & Kinesiology > Shoulder Biomechanics > Flashcards

Shoulder Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Shoulder pain responsible for approximately __% of ALL musculoskeletal complaints

A

16

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2
Q

The clavicle is deviated about __ degrees posterior to frontal plane

A

20

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3
Q

The scapular is deviated __ degrees anterior to the frontal plane

A

35

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4
Q

The humeral head is extroverted about __ degrees posterior to the medial-lateral axis at the elbow

A

30

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5
Q

The medial end of the clavicle appears _____ in the longitudinal diameter and _____ in the transverse diameter.

A

Convex

Concave

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6
Q

The articular surface of the manubrium at the SC joint appears _____ in the longitudinal diameter and _____ in the transverse diameter.

A

Concave

Convex

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7
Q

How many degrees of freedom are at the SC joint?

A

3

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8
Q

Describe the motions that occur at the SC joint and in what plane they occur

A

1) elevation and depression in frontal plane
2) protraction and retraction in horizontal plane
3) posterior clavicular rotation in sagittal plane

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9
Q

During elevation of the clavicle there is a _____ roll and an ______ glide at the SC joint.

A

superior

inferior

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10
Q

During depression of the clavicle there is a _____ roll and an ______ glide at the SC joint.

A

inferior

superior

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11
Q

During clavicular retraction there is a _____ roll and an ______ glide at the SC joint.

A

posterior

posterior

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12
Q

During clavicular protraction there is a _____ roll and an ______ glide at the SC joint.

A

anterior

anterior

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13
Q

What type of joint is the AC joint?

A

planar

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14
Q

What are the primary movements at the AC joint?

A

Upward and Downward Rotation

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15
Q

What are the secondary movements at the AC joint?

A
  • Internal and External Rotation in the horizontal plane

- Anterior and Posterior Tilt in the sagittal plane

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16
Q

What movement occurs at the AC joint with scapulothoracic protraction?

A

Internal Rotation

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17
Q

What movement occurs at the AC joint with scapulothoracic elevation?

A

Anterior tilt

18
Q

Scapulothoracic elevation involves a summation of ______ at the sternoclavicular joint and _____ at the acromioclavicular joint

A

elevation

downward rotation

19
Q

Scapulothoracic depression involves a summation of ______ at the sternoclavicular joint and _____ at the acromioclavicular joint

A

depression

upward rotation

20
Q

Scapulothoracic protraction involves a summation of ______ at the sternoclavicular joint and _____ at the acromioclavicular joint

A

protraction

slight horizontal plane adjustments

21
Q

Scapulothoracic retraction involves a summation of ______ at the sternoclavicular joint and _____ at the acromioclavicular joint

A

retraction

external rotation

22
Q

Scapulothoracic upward rotation involves a summation of ______ at the sternoclavicular joint and _____ at the acromioclavicular joint

A

elevation

upward rotation

23
Q

Scapulothoracic downward rotation involves a summation of ______ at the sternoclavicular joint and _____ at the acromioclavicular joint

A

depression

downward rotation

24
Q

During abduction what two movements are happening?

A

Elevation at SC Joint & Upward Rotation at AC Joint

25
Q

During abduction the SC joint is most active during the _____ phase whereas AC is most active in ____ phase

A

early

late

26
Q

3 functions of upward roation at the SC joint

A

1) Projects the glenoid fossa upward and anterior-laterally, providing structural base to maximize upward and lateral reach of upper limb
2) Preserves optimal length-tension relationship of abductor muscles of GH joint, such as middle deltoid and supraspinatus
3) Helps maintain volume within subacromial space

27
Q

The longitudinal diameter of the humeral head is __ times larger than the glenoid fossa.
The transverse diameter of the humeral head is __ times larger than the glenoid fossa.

A
  1. 9

2. 3

28
Q

Typically in what direction is GH joitn instability most common?

A

anteriorly or inferiorly

29
Q

What fills the subacromial space?

A
  • supraspinatus muscle and its tendon

- subacromial bursa

30
Q

4 Ligaments of the GH joint capsule

A

1) SGHL
2) MGHL
3) IGHL
4) Coracohumeral Ligament

31
Q

What is the posterior band of the IGHL responsible for?

A

Resistance on the follow through

90° of abduction and full internal rotation

32
Q

Why is the Glenoid Labrum SoVulnerable to Injury?

A

1) Superior part of glenoid labrum only loosely attached to adjacent glenoid rim
2) Approximately 50% of the long head of the biceps tendon directly attaches to the superior glenoid labrum

33
Q

The glenoid fossa has approximately a __ degree upward tilt relative to the medial border of the scapula

A

5

34
Q

What is the importance of this upward tilt at the glenoid fossa?

A

holds the humeral head in place

35
Q

What will occur if there is a loss of upward rotation posture of the scapula?

A

The humeral head may slide down vertically

36
Q

During shoulder abduction what way is the slide and what way is the roll?

A

Roll superiorly
Slide inferiorly

Convex on concave = roll and slide in opposite directions

37
Q

Without the concurrent inferior slide with the superior roll, what would happen?

A

The humeral head will impinge against the arch and block further abduction

38
Q

How many degrees would you be able to abduct if the humeral head did not slide inferiorly?

A

22 degrees

39
Q

During the full 180 degrees of shoulder abduction, __ degrees is attributed to scapulothoracic joint upward rotation whereas __ degrees is attributed to GH abduction

A

60

120

40
Q

For every 3° of shoulder abduction, _° occurs by GH joint abduction and _° occurs by scapulothoracic joint upward rotation

A

2

1

625: Biomechanics & Kinesiology (15 decks)

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