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625: Biomechanics & Kinesiology > Wrist > Flashcards

Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the shape of the scaphoid bone in the sagittal plane

A

It has a “waist” region midway between the proximal and distal poles

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2
Q

The distal radius shows an ulnar tilt (anterior view) of how many degrees?

A

25 degrees

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3
Q

Ulnar tilt of the radius allows the wrist and hand to rotate farther into ___ deviation rather than ____ deviation.

A

ulnar

radial

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4
Q

Radial deviation of the wrist is limited by impingement of what against the styloid process of the radius?

A

lateral side of carpus against

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5
Q

The distal radius shows an palmar tilt (medial view) of how many degrees?

A

10 degrees

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6
Q

The 10 degrees of palmar tilt at the distal radius allows for greater movement of what motion?

A

greater amounts of flexion than extension at wrist

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7
Q

The distal articular surface of the radius is con__ in both the ML and AP directions

A

concave

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8
Q

What are a few unique characteristics of the radial articular cartilage?

A

There are facets from indentations made by scaphoid and lunate bones

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9
Q

What are the most common type of radial fractures?

A

Fractures of distal end of radius with dorsal displacement of distal fragment

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10
Q

What is the MOI for a radius fracture?

A

A fall over an outstretched hand

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11
Q

Do the palmar or dorsal side of the carpal bones form a concavity?

A

palmar

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12
Q

What ligament arches over the concavity located on the palmar side of the wrist?

A

transverse carpal ligament

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13
Q

What four bony attachments does the transverse carpal ligament attach to?

A

Pisiform and hook of hamate on ulnar side

Tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium on radial side

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14
Q

This transverse carpal ligament is the attachment site for what?

A

for many muscles located within hand and the palmaris longus (wrist flexor muscle)

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15
Q

The transverse carpal ligament and the concavity made by the carpal bones forms what structure?

A

The carpal tunnel

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16
Q

What passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

median nerve and tendons of extrinsic flexor muscles of digits

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17
Q

What are the 2 bones compressed between the distal forearm and distal row of carpals?

A

Scaphoid and Lunate

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18
Q

Because the scaphoid and lunate are compressed between the distal forearm and distal row of carpals what type of injuries are they prone to?

A

compression-related injuries

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19
Q

The scaphoid accounts for __ - __ % of all carpal fractures. Why?

A

60 - 70 % because it is in direct path of force transmission

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20
Q

Where does the scaphoid receive its blood supply?

A

from radial artery and branches of anterior interosseous artery

21
Q

Where do people with a fractured scaphoid typically show tenderness?

A

Within the anatomic “snuffbox” of wrist

22
Q

Where do most scaphoid fractures occur?

A

near or along scaphoid’s “waist,” midway b/w bone’s two poles

23
Q

Describe why there may be complication of an untreated scaphoid fracture

A

Because most blood vessels enter the scaphoid distally, if a fracture occurs proximal to the waist avascular necrosis of the proximal pole

24
Q

Does a fracture of the proximal pole of the scaphoid require surgery?

A

YES

25
Q

How long must a fracture of the proximal pole of the scaphoid be immobilized?

A

at least 12 weeks

26
Q

Does a fracture of the distal pole of the scaphoid require surgery?

A

NO

27
Q

How long must a fracture of the distal pole of the scaphoid be immobilized?

A

5 to 6 weeks

28
Q

What are associated injuries involved with a scaphoid fracture?

A

fracture and/or dislocation of lunate and fracture of trapezium and distal radius

29
Q

What is Kienböck’s Disease characterized by?

A

AVN of the lunate of unknown cause

30
Q

A complete collapse of the lunate is found in what type of worker?

A

This tends to occur more often in those involved in manual labor such as pneumatic drill operators

31
Q

Describe management of mild, moderate and advanced cases of Kienböck’s disease

A
  • In mild forms treatment may involve immobilization by casting or splinting
  • In moderate cases the length of ulna or radius may be surgically altered as a means to reduce contact stress on lunate
  • In advanced cases, treatments may include partial fusion of selected carpal bones, lunate excision, or proximal row carpectomy
32
Q

What are the 2 PRIMARY articulation within the wrist?

A

radiocarpal and midcarpal joints

33
Q

What type of joint is found between adjacent carpal bones?

A

intercarpal joints

34
Q

Intercarpal joints contribute to wrist motion through what types of motions

A

small gliding and rotary motions that are essential for normal wrist motion

35
Q

The proximal components of radiocarpal joint are con___ surfaces of radius and adjacent articular disc.

A

concave

36
Q

What is the articular disc of the radiocarpal joint aka?

A

triangular fibrocartilage

37
Q

Distal components of radiocarpal joint are con___ proximal surfaces of scaphoid and lunate.

A

convex

38
Q

What 3 carpal bones are part of the radiocarpal joint?

A
  • scaphoid
  • lunate
  • Triquetrum (b/c at full ulnar deviation its medial surface contacts articular disc)
39
Q

Approximately __% of total compression force that crosses radiocarpal joint passes through articular disc

A

20

40
Q

Approximately __% of total compression force that crosses radiocarpal joint passes directly through scaphoid and lunate to radius

A

80

41
Q

When do contact areas at the radiocarpal joint tend to be greatest?

A

When the wrist is partially extended and ulnarly deviated

42
Q

In what wrist position is grip strength maximized?

A

Partially extended and ulnarly deviated

43
Q

The midcarpal joint is an articulation between what 2 surfaces?

A

proximal and distal rows of carpal bones

44
Q

Midcarpal joint divided descriptively into ___ and ____ joint compartments

A

medial and lateral

45
Q

Which midcarpal compartment is larger?

A

Medial

46
Q

What forms the medial compartment?

A

convex head of capitate and apex of hamate, fitting into concave recess formed by distal surfaces of scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum

47
Q

What forms the lateral compartment?

A

slightly convex distal pole of scaphoid with slightly concave proximal surfaces of trapezium and trapezoid

48
Q

Is there more movement at the lateral or medial compartment?

A

medial

625: Biomechanics & Kinesiology (15 decks)

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