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histology > The Cell > Flashcards

The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

the science concerned with the minute structure of cells, tissues and organs in relation to their function.

A

HUMAN HISTOLOGY (MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY)
HISTOLOGY: MICROANATOMY

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2
Q

THREE COMPONENTS OF THE BODY

A

CELL
INTERCELLULAR OR EXTRACELLULAR SUBSTANCES
BODY FLUIDS

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3
Q

a discrete entity bound by a membrane that “isolates” it from it environment

A

CELL

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4
Q

materials that lie between cells to support and nourish them

A

INTERCELLULAR OR EXTRACELLULAR SUBSTANCES

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5
Q

Body fluids include:

A

BLOOD
TISSUE OR INTERCELLULAR FLUID
LYMPH

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6
Q

confined within the vascular system

A

Blood

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7
Q

between and around cells

A

TISSUE OR INTERCELLULAR FLUID

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8
Q

drain tissue fluid back to the venous system

A

LYMPH

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9
Q

is the smallest unit of protoplasm capable of living independently

A

CELL

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10
Q

is the structural and functional unit of the body.

A

CELL

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11
Q

TWO TYPES OF CELL:

A

PROKARYOTIC [UNICELLULAR]
EUKARYOTIC [MULTI-CELLULAR]

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12
Q

found in primitive cells such as bacteria

A

PROKARYOTIC [UNICELLULAR]

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13
Q

in all higher plants and animals

A

EUKARYOTIC [MULTI-CELLULAR]

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14
Q

metabolic and hereditary components are mixed

A

PROKARYOTIC [UNICELLULAR]

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15
Q

bulk or hereditary material is isolated in a membrane-bound nucleus lying in the remainder of the cell or cytoplasm

A

EUKARYOTIC [MULTI-CELLULAR]

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16
Q

have no histones (specific basic proteins) bound to their DNA

A

PROKARYOTIC [UNICELLULAR]

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17
Q

no membranous organelles

A

PROKARYOTIC [UNICELLULAR]

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18
Q

The living substance of the cell

A

PROTOPLASM

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19
Q

All parts of the cell are mainly composed of _____.

A

proteins

20
Q

TWO COMPARTMENTS OF PROTOPLASM

A

CYTOPLASM
KARYOPLASM

21
Q

Extending from the plasma membrane to the nuclear envelope.

A

CYTOPLASM

22
Q

a.k.a nucleoplasm

A

KARYOPLASM

23
Q

It is the medium for chemical reaction.

A

CYTOPLASM

24
Q

the material forming the contents of the nucleus

A

KARYOPLASM

25
Q

It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell.

A

CYTOPLASM

26
Q

All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the _______ of a cell.

A

CYTOPLASM

27
Q

COMPONENTS OF PROTOPLASM

A

PROTEIN
NUCLEIC ACID
CARBOHYDRATES
LIPID
INORGANIC MATERIALS
WATER

28
Q

main structural elements of the cell and the intercellular material

A

PROTEIN

29
Q

exist as: pure lipoprotein, glycoprotein, proteoglycan, or mucoprotein

A

PROTEIN

30
Q

ex. Secretory products such as enzymes, some hormones.

A

PROTEIN

31
Q

large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses

A

NUCLEIC ACID

32
Q

the function involves the storage and expression of genomic information.

A

NUCLEIC ACID

33
Q

2 MAJOR TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS:

A

DNA
RNA

34
Q

2 MAJOR TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS:

found mainly in the nucleus

A

DNA

35
Q

2 MAJOR TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS:

nucleus and cytoplasm

A

RNA

36
Q

as glucose, they are stored as glycogen

A

CARBOHYDRATES

37
Q

also an energy source

A

LIPID

38
Q

important component of cellular membrane

A

LIPID

39
Q

exists as:
free radicals sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (HPO42-), chloride (Cl-), and bicarbonate (HCO3-)

A

INORGANIC MATERIALS

40
Q

maintenance of osmotic pressure gradients

A

INORGANIC MATERIALS

41
Q

muscle contraction/relaxation

A

INORGANIC MATERIALS

42
Q

tissue rigidity (e.g. bone)

A

INORGANIC MATERIALS

43
Q

cell adhesion

A

INORGANIC MATERIALS

44
Q

enzyme activation

A

INORGANIC MATERIALS

45
Q

75% of protoplasm

A

WATER

46
Q

partly free: available for metabolic processes

A

WATER

47
Q

partly bound to protein: as a structural component

A

WATER

histology (7 decks)

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