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Histology > The Cell Part V > Flashcards

The Cell Part V Flashcards

1
Q

special form of cell division

A

MEIOSIS

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2
Q

sex cells divide this type

A

MEIOSIS

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3
Q

chromosome number is reduced from diploid (2n) to haploid (n)

A

MEIOSIS

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4
Q

occurs in developing germ cells (spermatozoa and oocytes), fertilization results in diploid zygotes

A

MEIOSIS

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5
Q

doubling of DNA content in S phase

A

MEIOSIS

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6
Q

Affected by 2 successive cell divisions that give rise to 4 haploid cells
- accompanied by recombination of maternal and paternal genes by crossing over and random assortment.

A

MEIOSIS

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7
Q

2 STAGES OF MEIOSIS:

A

A. REDUCTIONAL DIVISION (MEIOSIS I)
B. EQUATORIAL DIVISION (MEIOSIS II)

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8
Q

occurs following the interphase during which 46 chromosomes are duplicated giving the cell a 4 CDNA content (total DNA content of the cell).

A

REDUCTIONAL DIVISION (MEIOSIS I)

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9
Q

5 stages of Prophase I:

A

a) LEPTOTENE
b) ZYGOTENE
c) PACHYTENE
d) DIPLOTENE
e) DIAKINESIS

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10
Q

chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes

A

LEPTOTENE

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11
Q

each contains 2 chromatids joined at the centromere.

A

LEPTOTENE

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12
Q

homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes pair and make physical contact (synapsis) via the synaptonemal complex, forming a tetra

A

ZYGOTENE

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13
Q

chiasmata are formed

A

PACHYTENE

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14
Q

crossing over occurs

A

PACHYTENE

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15
Q

random exchange of genes between segments of homologous chromosomes

A

PACHYTENE

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16
Q

increasing genetic diversity

A

PACHYTENE

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17
Q

chromosomes continue to condense

A

DIPLOTENE

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18
Q

chiasmata can be observed indicating sites where crossing over has taken place

A

DIPLOTENE

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19
Q

nucleolus disappear

A

DIAKINESIS

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20
Q

Chromosomes are condensed maximally

A

DIAKINESIS

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21
Q

nuclear envelope disappears

A

DIAKINESIS

22
Q

begins soon after completion of meiosis I, following a brief interphase without DNA replication

A

EQUATORIAL DIVISION (MEIOSIS II)

23
Q

separation of sister chromatids and distribution into 4 daughter cells (gametes) each containing the haploid number of chromosomes

A

EQUATORIAL DIVISION (MEIOSIS II)

24
Q

Structure:

Phospholipid bilayer containing cholesterol and proteins (integral and peripheral) and some carbohydrates (externally)

A

Plasma Membrane

25
Q

Structure:

forms a selectively permeable boundary of the cell.

A

Plasma Membrane

26
Q

acts as a physical barrier to enclose cell contents

A

Plasma Membrane

27
Q

regulates material movement into and out of the cell

A

Plasma Membrane

28
Q

establishes and maintains an electrical charge difference across the plasma membrane

A

Plasma Membrane

29
Q

functions in cell communication

A

Plasma Membrane

30
Q

Short, numerous (many) membrane extensions supported by microtubules which occur on exposed membrane surfaces of some cells

A

Cilia

31
Q

which occur on exposed membrane surfaces of some cells

A

Cilia

32
Q

Long, singular (only one) membrane extension supported by microtubules

A

Flagellum

33
Q

present in sperm cells

A

Flagellum

34
Q

propels sperm

A

Flagellum

35
Q

Numerous thin membrane folds projecting from the free cell surface;

A

Microvilli

36
Q

supported by microfilaments

A

Microvilli

37
Q

Large structure enclosed within a double membrane;

A

Nucleus

38
Q

contains chromatin, nucleolus, and neoplasm

A

Nucleus

39
Q

houses the DNA that serves as the genetic material for directing protein synthesis.

A

Nucleus

40
Q

double membrane boundary between cytoplasm and nuclear contents

A

Nuclear Envelope

41
Q

continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Nuclear Envelope

42
Q

separates nucleus from cytoplasm

A

Nuclear Envelope

43
Q

openings through the nuclear envelope

A

Nuclear Pores

44
Q

allow passage of materials between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, including ribonucleic acid (RNA), protein, ions, and small water-soluble molecules.

A

Nuclear Pores

45
Q

large, prominent structure within the nucleus

A

Nucleolus

46
Q

functions in synthesis of ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

47
Q

contents of cells between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope

A

Cytoplasm

48
Q

responsible for many cellular processes

A

Cytoplasm

49
Q

viscous fluid medium with dissolved solutes (e.g., ions, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids)

A

Cytosol

50
Q

provides support for organelles

A

Cytosol

51
Q

serves as the viscous fluid medium through which diffusion occurs

A

Cytosol

Histology (7 decks)

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