Red Book + Flags - Children / Youth

Question 1

Neonatal period - what health checks should be done?

Answer 1

Immunisation (Hep B)
Vitamin K
Metabolic screen
Universal hearing screen
Identify family strengths and concerns
Preventive counselling - injury prevention (passive smoking, SUDI, motor vehicle restraints)

Question 2

Infants / toddlers - what health checks should be done?

Answer 2

Immunisation
Measurements (child health record)
‘Lift the lip’ dental check from 12m
Health promotion - breastfeeding support, healthy eating, physical activity, sleep
Assess development
Encourage early interactive reading + secure attachment
Preventive counselling - injury prevention, sun protection

Question 3

Pre-school - what health checks should be done?

Answer 3

Immunisation
Check vision + BMI
‘Lift the lip’ dental check
Health promotion - eating, drinking, physical activity, sleep
Assess development
Preventive counselling - injury prevention, sun protection

Question 4

School - what health checks should be done?

Answer 4

Measure growth + BMI
‘Lift the lip’ dental check
Health promotion - oral health, eating, drinking, physical activity, screen time / sedentary activity
Assess progress in school
Preventive counselling - injury prevention, sun protection, SEWB

Question 5

Adolescence - what health checks should be done?

Answer 5

Immunisation
Measure growth + BMI
Health promotion - eating, drinking, physical activity, sleep, oral health
Screen for STIs
Assess for risky behaviours (HE2ADS3)
Promote anti-smoking message

Question 6

Developmental red flags at 6m

Answer 6

Social - Not smiling or squealing in response to people
Communication - Not starting to babble
Fine motor - Not reaching for and grasping toys, hands frequently clenched
Gross motor - Not rolling, not holding head up when prone

Question 7

Developmental red flags at 9m

Answer 7

Social - Not sharing enjoyment with others
Communication - No gestures, not using 2 part babble
Fine motor - Not holding or releasing toys, not swapping hands
Gross motor - Not sitting without support, not moving (creeping / crawling), no weight through legs with support

Question 8

Developmental red flags at 12m

Answer 8

Social - Not recognising strangers, not playing turn-taking games
Communication - No babbling similar to speech, no response to familiar words
Fine motor - Majority food liquids/purees, cannot chew solids, cannot pick up small objects using finger-thumb
Gross motor - Not crawling/bum shuffling, not pulling to stand, not standing with holding on

Question 9

Developmental red flags at 18m

Answer 9

Social - Lacks interest in others
Communication - No clear words, cannot understand short requests
Fine motor - Not holding/scribbling with crayons, no attempts to stack blocks
Gross motor - No attempts to walk without support, not standing alone

Question 10

Developmental red flags at 2y

Answer 10

Social - Not playing with toys as intended (still banging/throwing all toys)
Communication - Not having 50 words, not putting words together, most speech not easily understood
Fine motor - No interest in self-care skills
Gross motor - Unable to run, unable to use stairs holding on, unable to throw balls

Question 11

Developmental red flags at 3y

Answer 11

Social - No interest in pretend play or other children, difficulties understanding own feelings
Communication - Difficult to understand speech, not using simple sentences
Fine motor - Difficulty helping with self-care skills, difficulty manipulating small objects
Gross motor - Not running well, can’t use stairs, can’t kick/throw ball, can’t jump

Question 12

Developmental red flags at 4y

Answer 12

Social - Unwilling/unable to play cooperatively
Communication - Difficult to understand speech, unable to follow 2-step instructions
Fine motor - Not toilet-trained in day, unable to draw lines and circles
Gross motor - Cannot pedal tricycle, cannot catch/throw/kick ball, cannot balance well on one leg

Question 13

Developmental red flags at 5y

Answer 13

Social - Play is different to friends
Communication - Difficulty telling parent what is wrong, cannot answer questions in simple conversation
Fine motor - Concerns from teachers re: school readiness, not independent with eating/dressing, cannot draw simple figures
Gross motor - Awkward when walking/running/climbing/stairs, ball skills very different to peers, cannot hop 5 times

Question 14

Developmental red flags at any age

Answer 14

Not achieving milestones
Strong parental concerns
Significant loss of skills
Lack of response to sound or visual stimuli
Poor interaction with others
Difference between right and left movements/strength/tone
Loose and floppy (low tone) or stiff and tense (high tone) movements