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Bi374 > Aquatic > Flashcards

Aquatic Flashcards

1
Q

What do aquatic environments include?

A
  • oceans, salt marshes, lakes, rivers, ponds, springs
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2
Q

What are microbial species composition affected by in aquatic environments?

A
  • physical and chemical characteristics of environments
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3
Q

Define marine

A
  • open ocean
  • low primary productivity due to inorganic nutrients
  • low heterotrophic activity
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4
Q

Where does primary productivity occur?

A

open areas due to prochlorophytes

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5
Q

What is a prochlorophyte? Give an example

A
  • use light for energy, small oxygenic prokaryotes
  • ex. trichodesmium
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6
Q

Why wouldn’t you find heterotrophs in marine environments

A

they like organic material

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7
Q

Where are barophiles found?

A

high pressure environments

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8
Q

What are the 3 environmental extremes in the deep sea?

A
  • low temp
  • high pressure
  • low nutrients
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9
Q

Why is there low nutrients in deep sea?

A

missing light and organic matter from plants

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10
Q

What does psychrophilic mean?

A

Bacteria at depths below 4000 m

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11
Q

What is the relative increase of pressure of deep sea?

A

1atm every 10m

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12
Q

What depths can barotolerant microorganisms survive? What about barophilic?

A
  • up to 3000m
  • 4000-6000m
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13
Q

What is the difference between warm and hot?

A
  • Warm : 6-23C + flow rate of 0.5-2cm/sec
  • Hot: 270-380C + flow rate of 1-2m/sec
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14
Q

What is a hydrothermal vent

A
  • habitat for hyperthermophilic bacteria in gradient where hot and cold water meet
  • large amounts of inorganic material
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15
Q

Give an example of a hyperthermophile found in a hydrothermal vent

A
  • methanopyrus
  • chemolithic
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16
Q

What are biological communities in hydrothermal vent ecosystems dependent on? give an example

A
  • Chemolithotrophic activity
  • ex. Sulfur oxidizers (thiobacillus)
17
Q

What is freshwater lacking?

A

Salt

18
Q

What happens to O2 in freshwater

A

in surface layers (photosynthesis) but depleted with depth due to low water solubility

19
Q

Why is O2 rapidly consumed in freshwater environments?

A
  • feeds heterotrophic and organotrophic processes
20
Q

How can lakes be reoxygenated?

A
  • mixing
21
Q

Define littoral zone - what will you find there?

A

where light hits the bottom
- organotrophs

22
Q

Define limnetic zone - what will you find there?

A
  • open water from shore
  • phototrophs, pseudomonads
23
Q

Define profundal zone - what will you find there?

A

deeper water under limnetic (purple and green sulfur bacteria)

24
Q

Define benthic zone - what will you find there?

A

sediment at bottom
(methane bacteria)

25
Q

What is BOD?

A
  • measure of oxygen demand in water
  • amount of organic matter that can be oxidized
26
Q

Define eutrophic

A

more shallow

27
Q

Define oligotrophic

A

deeper and colder

28
Q

What is a thermocline?

A

temp barrier

29
Q

What happens when thermocline breaks down?

A

Surface water cools more than below and gets heavier –> falls and pushes water around (LAKE TURNOVER)

30
Q

what does lake turnover do?

A

cycles bacteria and oxygenates low reachers

31
Q

What happens if you release water too high in BOD?

A
  • heterotrophic activity increases consuming all O2
32
Q

What is a wetland?

A
  • shallow aquatic environment dominated by plants
  • important transition zones
33
Q

What do you expect to find in a marsh?

A
  • grassy-type things
34
Q

What is a fen?

A
  • mineral rich, neutral to alkaline pH
35
Q

What is a shrub-carr?

A
  • known for mid-sized trees
36
Q

Define swamp

A
  • full height canopy trees (block light)
37
Q

Define bog

A
  • cool, wet, mossy

Bi374 (8 decks)

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