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HISTOLOGY > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

enclosed by cell membrane or cell wall. For animal cells, they mostly only have cell membranes

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

3 main parts of the cells

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane/cell wall

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3
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Found in all living things
Thin and delicate
Provides cell shape and flexibility
Made up of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates
Selectively permeable
Metabolically active

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4
Q

Cell Wall

A

Absent in animal cell
Thick and rigid
Shape is fixed
Made up of peptidoglycan, chitin
completely permeable
Metabolically inactive

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5
Q

For bacteria

A

Peptidoglycan

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6
Q

For fungi

A

Chitin

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7
Q

Plant

A

Cellulose

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8
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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9
Q

Major site for vital cellular activities

A

Endplasmic Reticulum

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10
Q

Main function of ER

A

Synthesis
Transport
Storage
Detoxification

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11
Q

MAINLY FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS/LIPIDS

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

for storage or transport

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

Completes posttranslational modifications of proteins produced in the RER and then packages and addresses these proteins to their proper destinations

A

Golgi Apparatus

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14
Q

Store products until release

A

Secretory Granules/Vesicles

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15
Q

Sites of intracellular digestion and turnover of cellular
components
* Membrane-limited vesicles

A

Lysosomes

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16
Q

Sites of intracellular digestion and turnover of cellular
components
* Membrane-limited vesicles

A

Lysosomes

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17
Q

Used for the
secretion of proteins, enzymes. To detoxify the cell.

A

Secretory vesicles

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18
Q

contains nutriens/products na
dadalhin. Within the cells. Intracellular (from ER to
mitochondria)

A

Transport vesicles

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19
Q

store products. naglalabas ng
essential proteins. Didikit sa cell membrane.

A

Secretory granules

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20
Q

Degrade denatured or otherwise nonfunctional
polypeptides such as proteins

Remove proteins no longer needed by the cell and provide an important mechanism for restricting the activity of a specific protein to a certain window of
time.

A

Proteasomes

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21
Q

Specialized for aerobic respiration and production of adenosine triphosphate

A

Mitochondria

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22
Q

Site of ATP synthesis
Aerobic respiration produces energy for the cell

A

Mitochondria

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23
Q

Mitochondria: Site of ATP for ___

A

oxidative phosphorylation

24
Q
  • Spherical organelle producing and degrading
    hydrogen peroxide
  • Contains enzymes that inactivate various potentially
    toxic molecules
A

Peroxisomes

25
Q

Peroxisomes: Function is to remove free radicals, this enzymes contain ___ or _____

A

oxidases/peroxidases

26
Q

Gen. Function of cytoskeleton

A

Provides, structural support in cells, act as framework, assist in movement

26
Q

Gen. Function of cytoskeleton

A

Provides, structural support in cells, act as framework, assist in movement

27
Q

Contract for movement (Commonly found in
muscles. For movement)

A

Microfilament

27
Q

Contract for movement (Commonly found in
muscles. For movement)

A

Microfilament

28
Q

Functions somewhere in between the other 2 types

A

Intermediate filament

28
Q

Functions somewhere in between the other 2 types

A

Intermediate filament

29
Q

Transport of Nutrients (Can also be used for exocytosis)

A

Microtubles

30
Q

Three main components of nucleus

A

nuclear envelope, chromatin, nucleolus

31
Q

Outside: It has pores

A

Nuclear envelop

32
Q

the essential information of the cell

A

Chromatin

33
Q

the time gap between mitosis and the beginning of DNA replication

A

G1

34
Q

the period of cell synthesis

A

S

35
Q

the gap between DNA duplication and the next mitosis

A

G2

36
Q

resting phase

A

G0

37
Q

DNA replication occurs for ___

A

8 hours

38
Q

G1 phase: ____

A

25 hours

39
Q

Produces spindle fibers

A

Prophase

40
Q

aligns in equatorial plate. Centromere are still present.

A

Metaphase

41
Q

separation of sister chromatids

A

Anaphase

42
Q

Appearance of cleavage furrow

A

Telophase

43
Q

The process by which two successive cell divisions produce cells

A

gametes

44
Q

containing half the number of chromosomes found in ____.

A

somatic cells

45
Q

Apoptosis

A
  • Programmed cell death
    (Cell becomes smaller then it will die)
  • No inflammatory response
  • Cells shrink leading to apoptotic bodies
46
Q
  • Uncontrolled cell death
  • Significant inflammation
  • Cell swells leading to lysis
A

Necrosis

47
Q

The cell becomes pyknotic. The nucleus shrinks as it matures

A

Pyknosis

48
Q

The nucleus fragments/Nuclear fragmentation (separates)

A

Karyorrhexis

49
Q

The nucleus dissolves/disperses

A
  • Karyolysis
50
Q

Portion of cells. naghihiwa-hiwalay)disintegrating cell then this bodies will be taken up by phagocytes or macrophages

A

apoptotic bodies

51
Q
  • Always pathological
  • Uncontrolled cell death
A

Necrosis

52
Q

If cells do not undergo apoptosis, ____

A

cells will increase in number which will become cancer

HISTOLOGY (9 decks)

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