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fcp - fertility week > Male Reproductive pathology > Flashcards

Male Reproductive pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of male reproductive pathology

A

Developmental abnormalities
Degeneration
Inflammation
Neoplasia

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2
Q

Cyptochidism

A

Incomplete descent of testis
Retained between kidney and inguinal canal
Often hypoplastic
More often unilateral
Increases risk of neoplasia in the future

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3
Q

Testicular hypoplasia

A

Decrease in number of testicular cells
Congenital/pre-puberty
* Often not observed until after puberty
Linked to:
○ Poor general nutrition
○ Zn def.
○ Genetic
○ Endocrine abnormalities
Unilateral or bilateral
Normal consistency
Microscopy - Absent/incomplete spermatogenesis due to smaller diameter or tubules
Lined only by Sertoli cells

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4
Q

Testicular atrophy/degeneration

A

Degeneration of seminiferous tubules
Occurs after puberty
Common cause for male infertility
Causes:
○ Infections
○ ↑scrotal temperature
○ ↓testicular blood supply
○ Vitamin A/ Zn deficiency
○ Drug reactions
○ Radiation damage
○ Obstruction
○ Hypoestrogenism
Firm consistency if chronic
Looks microscopically similar to hypoplasia (+/- fibrosis)
* Decreased germinal cells
* Vacuolated Sertoli cells
* Intratubular multunucleated spermatids

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5
Q

Testicular atrophy/degeneration

A

Degeneration of seminiferous tubules
Occurs after puberty
Common cause for male infertility
Causes:
○ Infections
○ ↑scrotal temperature
○ ↓testicular blood supply
○ Vitamin A/ Zn deficiency
○ Drug reactions
○ Radiation damage
○ Obstruction
○ Hypoestrogenism
Firm consistency if chronic
Looks microscopically similar to hypoplasia (+/- fibrosis)
* Decreased germinal cells
* Vacuolated Sertoli cells
* Intratubular multunucleated spermatids

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6
Q

Inflammation of testes/epididymis

A

Epididymitis is more common than orchitis

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7
Q

Epididymitis

A
  • Important in rams and dogs
  • Always affects TAIL of epididymis
  • Can cause secondary testicular degeneration/atrophy
  • Mostly ascending infection
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8
Q

Spermatic granuloma

A
  • Occurs in epididymal head
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8
Q

Spermatic granuloma

A
  • Occurs in epididymal head
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9
Q

Types of testicular neoplasia

A
  1. Seminoma
    Germ cell tumour
    Teratoma
  2. Interstitial (Leydig) cell tumour
  3. Sertoli cell tumour
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10
Q

Seminomas

A

Derived from spermatogonia
Second most common dog neoplasia
Causes swelling and pain
More common in retained (cryptorchid) testes

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11
Q

Gross pathology of seminoma

A

Cream coloured bulging mass

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12
Q

Histopathology of seminoma

A

○ Polyhedral cells
○ Large nucleus
○ Thin rim of cytoplasm

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13
Q

Sertoli cell tumour

A

3rd most common in dogs - rare in other species
50% occur in retained testis
Causes testicular enlargement
1/3 serene oestrogen - causes feminisation

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14
Q

Gross pathology of Sertoli cell tumour

A

Firm, white, lobulated mass
Testicular enlargement
White to brown colour
Fibrous
Cyctic

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15
Q

Histopathology of Sertoli cell tumour

A

Sertoli cells multi-layered in tubes or invading interstitial tissue
abundant fibrous tissue

16
Q

Interstitial (leydig) cell tumour

A

Most common neoplasm (dog, cat, bull)
No enlargement of testis
Some produce hormones

17
Q

Gross pathology of interstitial (leydig) cell tumour

A

Single or multiple spherical tumour
Tan to orange to haemorrhagic

18
Q

Histopathology of interstitial (leydig) cell tumour

A

Polyhedral cells packed in small groups by fine fibrous stroma

19
Q

Prostatic disease

A
  1. Hyperplasia
  2. Inflammation
  3. Neoplasia
20
Q

Prostatic hyperplasia

A

Most common prostatic disease
Enlargement due to increase of cells
Affects old entire dogs
Castration causes atrophy
Oestrogens act synergistically with androgens to potentiate hyperplasia of epithelium

21
Q

CLinical signs of prostatic hyperplasia

A

Constipation/urinary stasis

22
Q

Gross pathology of prostatic hyperplasia

A

Bilaterally and symmetrically enlarged

23
Q

Histopathology of prostatic hyperplasia

A

○ Hyperplasia and papillary proliferation of glandular tissue
○ Stromal hyperplasia

24
Q

Prostatitis

A

Inflammation of prostate
Found in older animals
Often in combination of hyperplasia
Mostly due to ascending bacterial infection
Can develop into peritonitis/septicaemia/toxaemia
Chronic cases can be sub clinical

25
Q

Gross pathology of prostatitis

A

○ Asymmetrical enlargement
○ May contain abscesses

26
Q

Prostatic Carcinoma

A

Malignant primary neoplasm of prostate
In older dogs
Castration will not prevent nor treat
Generally poor prognosis

27
Q

Gross pathology of prostate carcinoma

A

○ Asymmetrical mild enlargement
○ Metastasis to lymph nodes, lung, bone etc

28
Q

Clinical signs of prostatic carcinoma

A

○ Constipation
○ Urinary stasis
○ Cachexia
○ Locomotor abnormalities

29
Q

Clinical signs of prostatic carcinoma

A

○ Constipation
○ Urinary stasis
○ Cachexia
○ Locomotor abnormalities

fcp - fertility week (24 decks)

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