Chap 3: Atomic Structure

Question 1

What are the 3 sub-atomic particles?

Answer 1

Proton, Neutron, Electron

Question 2

Describe the properties of protons

Answer 2

• relative charge of +1
• relative mass of 1
• located inside the nucleus

Question 3

Describe the properties of neutrons

Answer 3

• relative mass of 1
• relative charge of 0
• located inside the nucleus

Question 4

Describe the properties of electrons

Answer 4

• relative mass of 1/1840
• relative charge of -1
• located on electron shells

Question 5

number of protons equal?

Answer 5

of protons = # of electrons

Question 6

What is an ion?

Answer 6

Particle formed when atom gains or loses electrons
- protons & neutrons remain the same
- represented using charge numbers

Question 7

How to calculate number of neutrons from nucleon and atomic number?

Answer 7

Nucleon - atomic number
(A-Z)

Question 8

What is nucleon number?

Answer 8

Number of protons and neutrons

Question 9

What does positive charge mean for an ion?

Answer 9

cation - lost electrons
(usually metals)

Question 10

What does negative charge mean for an ion?

Answer 10

anion - gain electrons
(usually non-metals)

Question 11

What is duplet/octet?

Answer 11

duplet - 2 electrons on valence shell
octet - 8 electrons on valence shell

Question 12

What is a noble gas?

Answer 12

An element was duplet or octet

Question 13

Name the name change of the following ions:
- oxygen
- fluorine
- sulfur
- chlorine
- nitrogen

Answer 13

• oxide ion
• fluoride ion
• sulfide ion
• chloride ion
• nitride ion

Question 14

What is an isotope?

Answer 14

Atoms with same elements and same protons, but different number of neutrons

Question 15

Nuclide notation format?

Answer 15

• top number is the nucleon number
• bottom number is the atomic number

Question 16

What is Ar and Mr?

Answer 16

Ar - relative atomic mass
Mr - relative molecular mass

Question 17

How to calculate Ar of different isotopes?

Answer 17

(P x I)(P x I)
Where P is the percentage and I is the isotope

Question 18

Properties of electron shells near the nucleus

Answer 18

Lowest amount of energy
(highest energy in outermost shell - valence shell)

Question 19

Maximum number of electrons for each shell? 1-4

Answer 19

1 - 2 max
2 - 8 max
3 - 8 max (first 20 elements) or 18 max
4 - 32 max

Question 20

What does the row/period tell us about the electronic configuration of an element?

Answer 20

number of electron shells

Question 21

What does the group tell us about the electronic configuration of an element?

Answer 21

number of valence electrons with the exception of the first 20 elements

Question 22

How to know when substances have similar chemical properties?

Answer 22

By the number of valence electrons

Or by the groups in the periodic table