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Operative I > Class 1- Principles of Operative Dentistry > Flashcards

Class 1- Principles of Operative Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

define operative dentistry

A

treatment of disease/defects of hard tissues of teeth that do not require full coverage restorations

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2
Q

what does operative dentistry restore

A

form, function and esthetics

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3
Q

describe enamel

A

hard, strong, and brittle

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4
Q

what percentage does hydroxyapatite make up of enamel

A

90-92%

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5
Q

how do diameter of enamel rods vary

A

larger near surface, smaller near dentin borders

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6
Q

what is the orientation of enamel rods

A

perpendicular to long axis

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7
Q

decsribe enamel tufts

A

-hypomineralized
-extend into enamel

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8
Q

describe enamel lamellae

A

-thin faults between enamel rod groups

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9
Q

what are enamel spindles

A

odontoblastic process crossed into enamel

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10
Q

describe the DEJ

A

hypomineralized zone where dentin meets enamel

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11
Q

where does enamel become more soluble

A

closer to the DEJ

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12
Q

what does fluoride do to acid solutbility

A

lowers it

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13
Q

what is the largest portion of the tooth

A

dentin

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14
Q

what forms the walls of pulp chamber

A

dentin

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15
Q

when is dentin formed

A

immediately prior to enamel

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16
Q

how long does dentin formation continue

A

throughout the life of the pulp

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17
Q

what is between dentin tubules

A

intertubular denin

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18
Q

where is the diameter of tubules the largest

A

at the pulp

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19
Q

where is the number of dentin tubules the largest

A

at pulp

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20
Q

what is reparative dentin formed by and in response to what

A

formed by secondary odontoblasts at the end of tubules at surface of pulp in response to moderate irritant

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21
Q

what is sclerotic dentin

A

primary dentin that has changed, peritubular dentin widens and fills with calcified material

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22
Q

how does the hardness of dentin compare to enamel

A

hardness is 1/5 of enamel

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23
Q

where is dentin harder

A

near DEJ compared to pulp

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24
Q

what percent hydroxyapatite is dentin

A

50%

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25
Q

what causes dentinal sensitivity

A

fluid movement in tubules

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26
Q

explain the hydrodynamic theory of pain transmission

A

-odontoblastic process wrapped in nerves and fluid in dentinal tubules
- enamel/cementum removed during preparation - seal is lost causing small fluid movements in tubules and distortion in nerve endings -> pain

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27
Q

when is the smear layer created and what does it do

A

created when tooth is cut/prepared
- plugs dental tubules

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28
Q

what does the color of enamel depend on and when does it become temporarily whiter

A

depends on underlying dentin and becomes temporarily whiter when dehydrated

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29
Q

what is the color of enamel? dentin?

A

-enamel-gray
-dentin- yellow white

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30
Q

how often is cementum formed

A

continually

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31
Q

define contour

A

curve or shape of something

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32
Q

define proximal contact

A

where two adjacent teeth contact

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33
Q

define embrasures

A

an opening with sides flaring outward, V-shaped valleys between adjacent teeth

34
Q

what are the objectives of tooth preparation

A
  • resistance form, retention form, convenience form
  • remove defects
    -provide necessary protection to pulp
    -extend restoration as conservatively as possible
    -resist fracture when chewing
  • restore esthetics and function
35
Q

what are prep walls designed to do

A

retain restoration and resist fracture

36
Q

what are the goals of preparation

A

-remove remaining caries or old restorative material
-protect pulp
-minimize fracture, maximize retention
-finish walls and margins
- final cleaning, inspection, sealing prep

37
Q

what factors should be considered in operative dentistry

A

-esthetics
-economics
-medical condition
-age
-caries risk

38
Q

what factors should be considered in dental anatomy

A

-enamel rod orientation
-thickness of enamel and dentin
- size and location of pulp
-relationship of tooth to periodontium

39
Q

what are residual caries

A

caries left by operator

40
Q

when would it be acceptable to leave residual caries

A

to avoid pulp exposure when left as affected dentin near the pulp

41
Q

describe acute caries vs chronic caries

A

acute: or rampant, light color, appears dull and mushy
chronic: slow or arrested, dark color, appears shiny and solid

42
Q

how many surfaces are involved in simple vs compound vs complex

A

-simple: 1
-Compound: 2
-complex: 3 or more

43
Q

where is the axial wall located

A

parallel to long axis of tooth (vertical)

44
Q

where is the pulpal wall located

A

perpendicular to long axis of tooth (horizontal)

45
Q

what do pulpal and gingival floors/walls do

A

-provide stabilizing seats for restoration
- distribute stresses in tooth

46
Q

what is a line angle

A

junction of two walls/surfaces along a line

47
Q

internal apex points ____ from observer. external apex points ____ observer

A

-away
- towards

48
Q

what is a point angle

A

joining of three surfaces

49
Q

what is cavosurface

A

where prepared tooth meets unprepared tooth

50
Q

what is enamel margin strength formed by

A

full length enamel rods

51
Q

what is unsupported enamel

A

when enamel rods are not supported by sound dentin

52
Q

what is a class 1

A

-occlusal surface of posterior teeth
-can include lingual/ buccal grooves and pits

53
Q

what is a class II

A

proximal surfaced of premolars and molars

54
Q

what is a class III

A

proximcal surfaces of incisors and canines

55
Q

what is a class IV

A

proximal and incisal edges of incisors and canines

56
Q

what is a class V

A

gingival 1/3 of smooth surfaces (buccal and lingual)

57
Q

what is a class VI

A

incisal edge or cusp

58
Q

what are the stages of tooth preparation

A

initial stage and outline form

59
Q

what is the initial stage

A

-outline form
-initial depth
-primary resistance form
- primary retention form
- convenience form

60
Q

what is important in outline form

A

-undermined enamel removed
- margins placed where you can finish restoration
- no occlusion on margins of prep
- preserve strength of cusps and marginal ridges
- minimize extensions facioloingually

61
Q

what is the outline form of a class I

A
  • depth of pit and fissure maximum of 2 mm
62
Q

when do you connect two preps

A

when they are less than 0.5 mm apart

63
Q

what is the outline form of a class 2

A

-extend gingival margins apical to contact, extend interproximal margins to embrasures
- axial wall depth 0.2-0.8 mm into dentin

64
Q

what is an enameloplasty

A

removing shallow enamel fissure or pit

65
Q

how much is removed in an enameloplasty

A

no more than 1/3 enamel thickness

66
Q

what is resistance form

A
  • resistant to fracture
  • leave dentin support
    -preserve cusps and marginal ridges
67
Q

when is resistance form compromised

A
  • when margin exceeds 2/3 distance between central grooves
  • when margins end 1/3 distance between central groove and cusp tip
68
Q

what should you do to internal and external line angles and why

A

slightly round them for less stress concentration

69
Q

what do flat floor prevent

A

movement

70
Q

what do bevels do

A

-remove unsupported enamel
- reduce stress concentration

71
Q

what should margins be in amalgam

A

90 degrees

72
Q

what do dovetails do

A

prevent tipping and proximal displacement

73
Q

what do taller walls resist

A

pull of sticky foods

74
Q

what is convergence

A

walls slant towards each other

75
Q

what is involved in the final stage of tooth prep

A

-remove remaining infected dentin
- remove remaining old restoration
-pulp protection
- secondary resistance and retention forms
- finish external walls and margins
- final cleaning, inspecting and sealing

76
Q

describe affected dentin vs infected dentin

A

-affected dentin is demineralized and usually discolored but NOT soft and is ok to leave
- infected dentin microorganisms are present, soft, may or may not be stained, must remove

77
Q

what are examples of secondary retention

A

-retention grooves, points

78
Q

why do you bevel for rounded axiopulpal line angle

A

-increase bulk of restorative material, disperse concentration of forces

79
Q

what is 8:00 position for

A

-buccal side of patients UL
-lingual side of patients LR

80
Q

what is 11:00 positioning for

A

-buccal side of patients UP
- lingual side of patients LL

81
Q

what is 12:00 positioning for

A

-buccal sides of patients R and L anterior
-lingual sides of patients R and L anterior

Operative I (12 decks)

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