Week 6 Ergonomic Review

Question 1

what are the goals of ergonomics

Answer 1

-prevent work related MSDs
- increase safety and productivity
- enhance performance by eliminating unneccesary effort
- improve the standard of care to the patient

Question 2

what are the symptoms of MSDs

Answer 2

-fatigue in shoulders and neck
- tingling, burning or other pain in arms
- weak grip and cramping of hands
- numbness in fingers and hands
- clumsiness and dropping of objects
- hypersensitivity in hands and fingers

Question 3

what are cumulative trauma disorders

Answer 3

• microscopic damage that occurs daily to certain parts of your musculoskeletal system

Question 4

what are the most common CTDs

Answer 4

• chronic low back pain
• tension neck syndrome
• trapezius myalgia

Question 5

what is chronic low back pain caused by

Answer 5

poor seated posture and weak stabilizing trunk muscles

Question 6

what is tension neck syndrome caused by

Answer 6

forward head posture

Question 7

what is trapezius myalgia caused by

Answer 7

sustained contraction in upper trapezius muscle

Question 8

what is rotator cuff impingement from

Answer 8

shoulder pain from over reaching and a sustained arm elevation

Question 9

what is carpal tunnel syndrome from

Answer 9

medial nerve compression in the wrist from a flexed wrist posture, a forceful grip or gripping instruments with small diameters

Question 10

what percentage of dental students experienced neck, shoulder and/or back pain

Answer 10

46-71%

Question 11

more than ____% of dental students reported pain by their 3rd year

Answer 11

70

Question 12

what are 3 P’s to fitness in the operatory

Answer 12

posture, positioning, periodic stretching

Question 13

what is the correct posture

Answer 13

-head at 0-20 degree tilt, ears over shoulders
- shoulders over hips
- elbows relaxed at side
- forearms parallel to the floor or slightly upward
- slight surve in lower back
- hip angle greater than 90 degrees
- feet flat on floor

Question 14

what is neutral seated position

Answer 14

forearms parallel to floor
-weight evenly balanced
- hips higher than knees- 110 degrees
- seat height positioned low enough so that you are able to rest the heels of your feet on the floor
- have a tripod effects- legs and torso

Question 15

what is neutral neck position and what should you avoid

Answer 15

-head tilt of 0-15 degrees
- line from eyes to the treatment area should be as near to vertical as possible
- avoid head tipped too far forward and head tilted to one side

Question 16

the head weighs ____, and for every inch the head tilts forward, the load on neck and muscles ____.

Answer 16

8-10 lbs; doubles

Question 17

the greater the forward head position,____

Answer 17

the more likely people are to experience neck or shoulder pain or chronic tension headaches

Question 18

what is neutral shoulder position and what should you avoid

Answer 18

-shoulders in horizontal line
-weight evenly balanced when seated
- avoid shoulders lifted up towards ears, shoulders hunched forward, weight on one hip

Question 19

what is neutral back position and what do you avoid

Answer 19

-leaning forward slightly from waist or hips
- trunk flexion 0 to 20 degrees
- avoid over flexion of spine (curved back)

Question 20

what is neutral upper arm position and what do you avoid

Answer 20

• upper arms hang parallel to the long axis of the torso
• elbows at waist level held slightly away from body
• avoid greater than 20 degree of elbow abduction away from the body and elbows held above waist level

Question 21

what is neutral forearm position and what should you avoid

Answer 21

• parallel to the floor
• raised or lowered, by pivoting at the elbow joint
• avoid angle between forearm and upper arm less than 60 degrees

Question 22

how should you position the patient to maintain neutral position

Answer 22

• recline the patient: supine for maxillary, semi supine for mandibular
• adjust headrest
• adjust chair height to maintain neutral position
• ask patient to move head as needed
• equipment placement within easy reach
• light position to avoid shadowing

Question 23

what is the rule of thumb when working on the mandibukar

Answer 23

position the occlusal plane of the mandibular parallel to the floor

Question 24

what is the rule of thumb when working on the maxillary

Answer 24

position the occlusal plane of the maxilla perpendicular to the floor

Question 25

describe operator positioning

Answer 25

-establish line of sight for direct or indirect vision perpendicular to working surface
- 8-12 for right handed
-12-4 for left handed
- indirect vision with mirror
- change position frequently
- dont side sit

Question 26

what are the benefits to magnification

Answer 26

-reduce strain on your eyes
- improve the quality of care and diagnostics
- improve your vision via greater magnification
- increased comfort via proper ergonomics

Question 27

what are the ADA recommendations for hearing protection

Answer 27

• wear ear plugs or noise cancelling headphones while using dental equipment
• consider noise level when selecting dental equipment
• have hearing tested to establish baseline
• monitor your hearing acuity on a regular basis

Question 28

what is acoustic trauma

Answer 28

few exposures, intense sound level

Question 29

what is temporary threshold shift

Answer 29

-temporary hearing change following exposure to noise

Question 30

what is a permanent threshold shift

Answer 30

result of accumulation of exposure to noise repeated over years, irreversible and seen in dentisry