3 - Movement into and out of cells

Question 1

Diffusion definition

Answer 1

The net movement of molecules and ions (particles) from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Question 2

How does temperature affect diffusion?

Answer 2

As the temperature increases, the rate of diffusion increases because higher temp = higher kinetic energy = faster movement

Question 3

How does concentration gradient affect diffusion?

Answer 3

As the concentration increases, the rate of diffusion increases because particles constantly move but there is a faster net movement of particles from high to low concentration bc of random movement

Question 4

How does distance/thickness of membrane affect diffusion?

Answer 4

As the distance increases, the rate of diffusion decreases as it takes longer for particles to randomly move further

Question 5

How dues surface area affect diffusion?

Answer 5

The higher the surface area, the higher the rate of diffusion because more space where diffusion can occur

Question 6

Where does energy for diffusion come from?

Answer 6

Kinetic energy of particles

Question 7

Diffusion is a _____ process

Answer 7

Passive

Question 8

Water can dissolve particles and transport these to..

Answer 8

Kidneys, circulatory system, digestive system, and more

Question 9

If a solution has a concentration lower than the plant tissue, water will ____ the plant cells

Answer 9

Enter

Question 10

If a solution has a concentration higher than the plant cells, water will ____ the plant cells

Answer 10

Leave

Question 11

Osmosis definition

Answer 11

Water moves from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential across a partially permeable membrane

Question 12

Dilute solutions have a _______ water potential

Answer 12

High

Question 13

Concentrated solutions have a _____ water potential

Answer 13

Low

Question 14

A hypotonic solution is _____ and has a _______ water potential

Answer 14

Dilute, high water potential

Question 15

A hypertonic solution is _____ and has a _____ water potential

Answer 15

Concentrated, low

Question 16

An isotonic solution is ___ and has a _______ water potential

Answer 16

Samesies

Question 17

PLANT - In a hypotonic solution, the area of highest water potential is ___, so water moves ____ the cell and the cell becomes _____

Answer 17

Outside the cell, into the cell, turgid because of turgor pressure

Question 18

PLANT - In an isotonic solution, the area of highest water potential is ____, so water moves _____ the cell and the cell becomes ____

Answer 18

same in and out, between the two equally, flaccid

Question 19

PLANT - In an hypertonic solution, the area of highest water potential is ____, so water moves _____ the cell and the cell becomes ____

Answer 19

Inside the cell, out of the cell, plasmolysed

Question 20

Turgid definition

Answer 20

There’s a lot of water inside the vacuole of the cell so it pushes against the cell wall. This is called turgor pressure and cells with higher turgor pressure are turgid and stable and supports the plant (it WON’T BURST because of the cell wall)

Question 21

Flaccid definition

Answer 21

Cytoplasm and vacuole shrink and turgor pressure decreases - less stiff and doesn’t support the plant bc too floppy

Question 22

Plasmolysed definition

Answer 22

Lost so much water that cytoplasm and vacuole (might) shrink enough to pull away from the cell wall - will probably die

Question 23

ANIMAL - In an isotonic solution, the area of highest water potential is ____, so water moves _____ the cell and the cell becomes ____

Answer 23

Same in both, between both equally, bioncave

Question 24

Animal - In an hypertonic solution, the area of highest water potential is ____, so water moves _____ the cell and the cell becomes ____

Answer 24

In the cells, out of the cells, crenated

Question 25

ANIMAL - In an hypotonic solution, the area of highest water potential is ____, so water moves _____ the cell and the cell becomes ____

Answer 25

outside the cells, into the cell, spherical

Question 26

Bioncave red blood cell

Answer 26

Normal shape - has a dent in the middle

Question 27

Crenated red blood cell

Answer 27

Has lost too much water and shrivelled up

Question 28

Spherical red blood cell

Answer 28

Has absorbed too much water and will burst due to lack of cell wall

Question 29

Active transport definition

Answer 29

Movement of particles across a membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration - energy from respiration required to oppose concentration gradient

Question 30

Active transport is carried out by …

Answer 30

Carrier proteins in the membrane

Question 31

Examples of active transport in living organisms

Answer 31

Minerals into root hair cells in plants, absorption of glucose in small intestines