9 - Transport in Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

Circulatory System

A

a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one way flow of blood

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2
Q

Why is ours called a double circulatory system?

A

Blood passes through heart 2x in a heartbeat

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3
Q

Single circulation exists in

A

Fish - blood flows through heart 1x

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4
Q

Double circulation comprises ___ circuits

A

2

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5
Q

Advantages of double circulation

A

Higher blood pressure - faster transport of material, reaches further out in the body

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6
Q

Right atrium

A

Sends blood to RV via AV valves

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7
Q

Right ventricle

A

Contracts, pumps blood through PA via SL valves

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8
Q

Left ventricle

A

Contracts, pumps blood to aorta via SL valves

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9
Q

Left atrium

A

Sends blood to LV via AV valves

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10
Q

AV Valves

A

Atrioventricular valves stop backflow of blood from the atrium to the ventricle

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11
Q

SL valves

A

Semilunar valves stop the backflow of blood from the RV -> PA and the LV -> Aorta

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12
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

Takes blood from RV -> Lungs (left and right)

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13
Q

Aorta

A

Takes blood from LV -> The rest of the body

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14
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A

Take blood from lungs -> left A

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15
Q

Superior and inferior vena cava

A

Take blood from body -> right A

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16
Q

Septum

A

Separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

17
Q

Methods of monitoring heartbeat

A

Taking an ECG, measuring pulse, listening to heart

18
Q

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is caused by

A

Blockage of coronary arteries

19
Q

Increase risk of CHD by

A

getting old, having a family with it, being a certain gender, having a bad diet, and smoking

20
Q

Prevent CHD by

A

Eating healthy and exercising

21
Q

The thickness of the walls of the chambers depend on

A

The distance they have to pump blood

22
Q

Each heartbeat involves..

A

Cyclic relaxation and contraction of the walls of the atria and ventricles

23
Q

Artery

A

Blood away from heart, high pressure, strong and elastic, thick walls, smol lumen

24
Q

Vein

A

Blood toward heart, thin walls, big lumen, low pressure, valves to stop backflow of blood

25
Q

Capillary

A

Small, substance exchange without cells, take away waste products, 1 cell thick, low pressure

26
Q

Renal artery and vein

A

To and from the kidneys

27
Q

Hepatic vein and hepatic portal vein

A

Liver

28
Q

Angina

A

Chest anger when less blood flow due to atherosclerosis

29
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other gunk on the artery walls

30
Q

Atheroma

A

The plaque that builds up in the coronary artery

31
Q

Thrombosis

A

Blood clots stick to artery walls roughened by plaque and block veins and arteries

32
Q

How do blockages cause problems in coronary arteries?

A

Blockage -> less oxygen and glucose to heart -> no respiration -> no energy -> no pumping -> no blood to body