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Evolution of Reproduction 2022-23 > MOD5 Human Case Study > Flashcards

MOD5 Human Case Study Flashcards

1
Q

Function and Structure of OVIDUCT?

A

Function: move ovum from ovary to uterus

Structure: smooth muscular contractions to create flow

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2
Q

Function and Structure of MYOMETRIUM?

A

Function: super strong muscle which contracts and is hard

Structure: to push out the baby during labour

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3
Q

Function and Structure of SCROTUM?

A

Function: to help bring the temp down to regulate sperm

Structure: sac to hold testies outside (external sac)

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4
Q

Function and Structure of PENIS?

A

Function: move sperm into female anatomy

Structure: external erectable tube

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5
Q

Somatic Cells

A

Normal cells in the body

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6
Q

Misjunction

A

If chromosomes fail to seperate

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7
Q

Do the ovum and sperm go through independent assortment or crossing over?

A

Yes they do

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8
Q

how many pairs of ovum or sperm?

A

23 pairs

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9
Q

What genotype of sex chromosomes is KLINEFELTER SYNDROME?

And what is Klinefelter syndrome?

A

XXY

A girlish-boy figure e.g narrow sholders, less facial hair

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10
Q

What genotype of sex chromosomes is TURNER SYNDROME?

And what is Turner syndrome?

A

XO

A boyish-girl e.g short figure, wide shoulders and hips

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11
Q

What makes the zygote a male?

A

the presence of Y

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12
Q

Genotype of females

A

XX

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13
Q

Genotype of males

A

XY

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14
Q

What are the female undifferentiated GONADS?

A

ovaries

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15
Q

What are the male undifferentiated GONADS?

A

testies

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16
Q

Does the female take Mullerian ducts of Wolffian ducts?

A

Female develop Mullerian duts

17
Q

Males develop Wolffian ducts? True/False

A

True

18
Q

What are the female undifferentiated GENITALS?

A

vulva - outer part of vagina, labia and clitorus

19
Q

What are the male undifferentiated GENITALS?

A

Penis and scrotum

20
Q

What does TDF stand for and what is its function?

A

TDF = Testies Determining Factor

TDF gene produces TDF proteins which take the undifferentiated gonads to become testies

21
Q

What two hormones to testies produce?

A

Endocrine - Testosterone

Parocrine - MIH

22
Q

What does MIH stand for and function?

A

MIH = Mullerian inhibiting hormone

it inhibits the Mullerian duct from developing (female parts don’t develop)

23
Q

What does testosterone do in the male process?

A

develops Wolffian ducts

24
Q

What is DHT?

A

DHT is the product of testosterone from 5-alpha reductase

DHT developed external male genitalia

25
Q

Crossing over VS translocation

A

Translocation - between non-homologous pairs

Crossing over - between homologous pairs

26
Q

male gonads and gametes

A

gonads = testies

gametes = sperm cells

27
Q

female gonads and gametes

A

gonads = ovary

gametes = ovum/ova

28
Q

Do the female parts have any influence on which one (Mullerian or Wolffian) degenerates or develops?

A

No. The female system is the Default.

If the body isn’t explicitly told to be male it will become female.

29
Q

What influence does the testies have on which duct is developed?

A

they produce two hormones (endocrine and paracrine) which developed both ducts to develop

30
Q

what is the role of testosterone?

A

presence of testosterone = presence of Wolffian ducts

31
Q

endocrine hormone function on ducts?

A

produces both ducts

32
Q

paracrine hormone function on ducts?

A

degenerates Mullerian and develops Wolffian (male)

33
Q

Product of 5-alpha reductase deficiency? And what does it tell us?

A

does not convert testosterone into DHT which causes underdeveloped genitals.

This tells us that DHT is necessary to develop external male genitalia.

34
Q

What is Logan?

A

an XY with CAIS which means that they don’t have the receptors to take in the testosterone produced. Has parts of both make and female genitalia but no ovaries as they don’t have periods.

35
Q

Will logan’s children have CAIS too?

A

No, they will probably carry but not be affected personally

36
Q

Who did Logan get their CAIS from and how?

A

Mother because it’s an X linked trait and Logan’s X chromosome is from their mum.

37
Q

Do Logan’s siblings have CAIS?

A

If they have a sister, she will most likely be a carrier but not certain, however, she is not personally affected.

38
Q

What is the function of 5-alpha reductase?

A

5-alpha reductase is an enzyme that turns testosterone hormone into DHT which then developed external male genitalia

Evolution of Reproduction 2022-23 (9 decks)

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