Transcription - Jan 30

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

synthesis of a single stranded RNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 2

RNA polymerase

Answer 2

enzyme that catalyzes transcription

Question 3

RNA polymerase can start transcription de novo

Answer 3

without a primer (unlike DNA polymerase)

Question 4

RNA polymerase is powerful because

Answer 4

while transcribing, it can unwind DNA, elongate transcript, release finished transcript, and restore DNA double helix after finishing

Question 5

Transcription begins and ends at

Answer 5

binding of RNA polymerase to promoter sequence, terminator sequence

Question 6

General Transcription Factors are

Answer 6

(at least six proteins) required to recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter and initiate transcription

Question 7

Mediator Complex

Answer 7

bridges transcriptional regulatory proteins to the promoter

Question 8

Transcriptional Activator Proteins

Answer 8

bind to enhancers (which appear before promoters) and increase the rate of transcription

Question 9

What are the 3 stages of transcription?

Answer 9

Initiation, Elongation, Termination

Question 10

Terminator

Answer 10

causes RNA polymerase to dissociate from the template DNA, ending transcription

Question 11

Transcription Factors include

Answer 11

general transcription factors, activators, and repressors

Question 12

Exons

Answer 12

code for the protein and are spliced to create the actual mRNA

Question 13

Introns

Answer 13

do not code for protein and must be removed for the mRNA to be properly translated

Question 14

Polyadenylation

Answer 14

adds a poly(A) tail (AAAAA) to the 3’ end

Question 15

5’ capping

Answer 15

needed to initiate translation of an mRNA

Question 16

Splicing

Answer 16

carried out by series of RNAs and proteins called the spliceosome