Genetic Code and Translation - Feb 1

Question 1

Codons

Answer 1

sets of 3 nucleotides

Question 2

3 Stop Codons

Answer 2

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 3

Process of translation but not transcription follow the instructions of

Answer 3

starts and stop codons

Question 4

What is the start codon

Answer 4

Aug - Met(hionine)

Question 5

Standard genetic code has _ amino acids specified by _ codons

Answer 5

20, 61

Question 6

Transfer RNA’s

Answer 6

actually translate the mRNA because they directly couple nucleotide sequence to amino acid

Question 7

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Answer 7

recognizes a tRNA and its corresponding amino acid and catalyzes their joining using the energy of ATP

Question 8

Antiparallel base-pairing

Answer 8

when tRNA’s (3’ to 5’) recognize codons in mRNA’s (5’ to 3’) ex. tRNA UAC to mRNA AUG (start)

Question 9

Reading Frame

Answer 9

set of 3 bases read as a codon

Question 10

Ribosome decoding occurs in

Answer 10

the small subunit

Question 11

Ribosome Peptide Bond formation and tRNA binding sites are in

Answer 11

the large subunit

Question 12

Ribosomes are a macromolecule complex made of

Answer 12

50% RNA and 50% protein

Question 13

Shine Dalgarno sequence

Answer 13

prokaryotic mRNA where initiation complex is formed

Question 14

In Eukaryotes, the initiation complex forms at the

Answer 14

5’ cap and scans along the mRNA until the first AUG is encountered

Question 15

Many bacterial mRNA are Polycistronic -

Answer 15

containing more than one open reading frame

Question 16

Initiation Factors

Answer 16

translations version of general transcription factors

Question 17

Translocation

Answer 17

ribosome moves down a codon using GTP kicking out and introducing the next tRNA

Question 18

Peptidyltransferase reaction

Answer 18

the polypeptide attached to the P site tRNA is moved to the tRNA in the a site