Quiz 1.7

Question 1

Penniform Arrangement

Answer 1

Increases muscle fibers in a given volume
Increase PCSA
Increases Capacity for force generation
Shorter fibers, reduced capacity to shorten, slower shortening rate

Question 2

Nonpennated (Fusiform) Arrangement

Answer 2

Decrease muscle fibers in a given volume
Decrease PCSA
Decreases Capacity for force generation
Longer fibers, greater capacity to shorten, faster rate of shortening

Question 3

Pennated muscles designed for

Answer 3

Force production

Question 4

Non-pennated muscles designed for

Answer 4

Increased range of motion and speed

Question 5

Body as a machine

Answer 5

Framework: Bones
Power source: Muscles
Ignition/starter: Nervous system

Question 6

2 components of Nervous system

Answer 6

Central Nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)

Question 7

CNS composition and function

Answer 7

Brain and Spinal Cord
Transfer signals to peripheral muscles to produce movement
Receives afferent info from the periphery
Processes info

Question 8

Motor Cortex

Answer 8

Region of brain primarily responsible for generation of volitional movement

Question 9

Plasticity of brain

Answer 9

Ability for the brain to make new connections and reorganize if needed

Question 10

Homunculus

Answer 10

Body depiction proportional to space in the brain dedicated to that area

Question 11

PNS composition and functional perspectives

Answer 11

Nerves beyond brain and spinal cord
Nerves come from spinal or cranial branches
Perspectives: 1. Autonomic (Symp and parasymp)
2. Somatic (Sensory and motor)

Question 12

Sensorimotor Feedback

Answer 12

Sensory info (feedback) is integrated within the motor cortex and a movement response occurs

Question 13

Sensory feedback

Answer 13

Internal or external info of stimulus

Question 14

External feedback

Answer 14

Visual- eyes
Auditory- ears
Cutaneous- receptors in skin

Question 15

Internal feedback

Answer 15

Proprioceptors- how muscles moving etc… 3d awareness of body without seeing it
Vestibular- Orientation of head as it relates to gravity

Question 16

Reflex arcs

Answer 16

Some sensory information does not go to brain for reflex, stops at final cord
Produces rapid movement because signal doesn’t immediately go all the way to brain
Brain eventually gets info but not for the reflex
Afferent neuron –> inter neuron –> efferent neuron

Question 17

PCSA stands for

Answer 17

Physiological cross sectional area

Question 18

Fixed aspects of general motor programs

Answer 18

Relative timing
sequence of actions
amount of force used

Question 19

Degrees of freedom in motor programs

Answer 19

Learning a new motor skill causes a decrease in degrees of freedom to reduce the possibility of error, but this compromises success of task
Release degrees of freedom with practice which allows for more flexibility

Question 20

First learn a movement

Answer 20

Initial movement with feedback to control movement
Task is completed slower to allow for understanding of task to breakdown and simplify movement
Motor cortex assembles plan and typically uses previously established program

Question 21

Mastery of movement

Answer 21

Task occurs more quickly and fluid
Sensory info is perceived and integrated more accurately and efficiently

Question 22

General motor program

Answer 22

GENERAL- flexibility in program due to how the person perceives and integrates information
Assessment of movement: task achieved, movement evaluation