Chapter 1 (History of Microbiology) Flashcards
Define Microbiology
the study of organisms too small to see w/ a microscope
Define Microorganism (microbes)
living things too small to be seen w/ the naked eye & w/o a microscope
Define Taxonomy
classification of something especially organisms
grouping things by similarity (morphology & physiology)
-Carolus Linnaeus
Define Spontaneous Generation (abiogenesis)
getting life from non-life (non-living material)
Define Biogenesis
life comes from life
Define Etiology
the study of the cause of disease
Define Germ Theory
microorganisms are responsible for disease
-proposed by pasteur following fermentation
-particular disease has specific symptoms & caused by a specific organism (pathogen)
Define Pathogen
microbe that causes disease
Define Fermentation
the conversion of sugars to alcohol
-Pasteur’s experiment
Define Pasteurization
prevent from going bad. heating liquid to kill some microbes
- Father of microbiology –> Pasteur
Define Bioremediation
using microbes to clean the environment
Who was Antoni van Leeuwenhoek?
Dutch fabric merchant
-first to look @ living sample
-crafted lens
-5 catagoreies of miccroorganisms that were decribed by
Leeuwenhoek (Prokaryotes, small animals, fungi, algae,
protozoa) didn’t find viruses b/c using a light microscope
-found “wee animalcules”
-biggest contribution to micro… (royal society of London)
What types of microbes did he see?
What two things did he do that was so important to the field of microbiology?
-living samples, examined water & found “wee animalcules”
-first to look @ living samples & Royal society of London
Who was Carolus Linnaeus?
Swedish botanist
-developed taxonomy
-Genus & specific epithet= binomial naming system using two
names
Define taxonomy
Know how to correctly write out the Genus and specific epithet of an organism
What are the 3 Domains of life?
Taxonomy: classification of something especially
organisms(grouping things together by similarity)
Genus & specific: Capitalized genus specific lowercased and
underlined
3 domains of life: bacteria, archaea (prokaryotes),
eukarya (eukaryotes)
Acellular microbes: viruses, virions, prions (disease in
animals)