Development

Question 1

What is GDP

Answer 1

Gross domestic product - value of finished goods and services produced by a country in a year, usually expressed in amount per head of population

Question 2

What is GNI

Answer 2

Gross national income - total value of all finished goods and services produced by a country in a year, plus all net income earned by that country and its population including overseas investments

Question 3

Name 3 economic indicators of development

Answer 3

Wealth
Income
Jobs

Question 4

Name 4 social indicators

Answer 4

Quality of life
Health
Education
Basic infrastructure

Question 5

Name 3 demographic indicators

Answer 5

Life expectancy
Population
Migration

Question 6

Name 3 political indicators

Answer 6

Democracy/ dictatorships
Justice
Freedom

Question 7

Name 2 cultural indicators

Answer 7

Role of women

Religion

Question 8

Life expectancy

Answer 8

Average age to which a person lives to

Question 9

Infant mortality rate

Answer 9

Number of babies who die below age one

Question 10

Literacy rate

Answer 10

Percentage of adults who can read and write

Question 11

Physical factors affecting development

Answer 11

Climate 
Relief and drainage 
Natural hazards 
Landlocked countries 
Natural resources

Question 12

Management strategies used to control malaria

Answer 12

• Village health centres and issuing information and education through primary health care schemes
• Draining areas of stagnant water - swamps, and using water management schemes to destroy breeding grounds
• Cover skin with clothing and use repellent
• Sprays and creams
• Anti malarial drugs - expensive and have to be taken regularly
• Spraying eggs whilst on stagnant surfaces to suffocate mosquito larvae by clogging breathing tubes

Question 13

What is primary health care

Answer 13

• Aimed at developing nations with limited resources
• Utilises local remedies and affordable medication
• Trains local people who are trusted in their local communities
• Low cost healthcare
• Prioritises rural areas where access to healthcare is minimal

Question 14

Why primary health care

Answer 14

• Limited finances available
• Increases life expectancy
• Only serious cases go to hospital
• Low training costs - only $150 to train workers in India
• Healthier population = wealthier population
• Concentrating on preventing diseases which saves money long term

Question 15

What is a barefoot doctor

Answer 15

People who receive basic medical training.
Example - China
Abolished in 1981 and within 3 years health coverage in rural areas had decreased by 85%
1985 government announced barefoot doctors could sit exam

Question 16

Primary health care: Diarrhoea

Answer 16

Oral rehydration therapy - simple treatment for dehydration associated with diarrhoea. Mixture of salt and sugar with clean water. Cheap and simple and can be administrated by untrained staff

Question 17

Primary health care - vaccination programmes

Answer 17

UNICEF run vaccination programmes work in rural areas where people find it more difficult to access health care
By 2014 polio was endemic in only 3 countries - Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nigeria

Question 18

Primary health care: Improving sanitation

Answer 18

Providing a small scale clean water supply by ensuring effective sanitation is in place
Charities such as water aid work with countries such as Kenya and other aid agencies to improve water and sanitation by installing pit latrines and water pumps

Question 19

Primary health care: Providing local facilities

Answer 19

The building of small local health centres

• Using local labour and building facilities
• Staffed by visiting doctors

Used lc al labour, providing jobs and is often cheaper
Provides training/ transferable skills for the participants and gains faster acceptance/ usage in the local and wider community

Question 20

Primary health care: Health awareness

Answer 20

Health education schemes in schools, community plays/ songs concerning AIDS, with groups of expectant mothers or women in relation to diet and hygiene
- Effective in communities especially where there is a illiteracy such as South Sudan

Question 21

Primary health care case study

Answer 21

Nicaragua
MOSAFC
Since 2007 the Nicaraguan government implanted a health care strategy called MOSAFC which is a family and community health care model

Question 22

What is MOSAFC

Answer 22

Provides the population with free health cover and access. The emphasis is on health promotion and preventing ill health
Between 2003 and 2013:
- Health expenditure rose by 41%
- Number of nurses grew from 4329 - 2182

Question 23

Nicaragua millennial development goals

Answer 23

1. Under 5 mortality has fallen from 59.8 per 1000 - 23.6 per 1000
2. Infant mortality has fallen from 46.2 per 1000 - 20 per 1000
   HOWEVER
3. Prevalence of HIV in the 15-24 age group has risen from 0.1% to 0.2%