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D-advanced anat > Week 5- Neuromuscular system > Flashcards

Week 5- Neuromuscular system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the unique characteristics/properties of muscle tissue that help it with its function?

A

Stimulated/excitable

Generate action potential-conduct within itself-contracts/shortens

stretch and go back to original length

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2
Q

sarcolemma

A

Surrounding the cell
Cell membrane

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3
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Stores calcium

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4
Q

T tubules

A

Allow action potential to travel deep into cell

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5
Q

Mitochondria

A

provides energy and atp

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6
Q

myofibrils

A

composed of thick and thin filaments

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7
Q

myofilaments

A

Actin-Thin

Myosin-Thick

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8
Q

Describe components of thick filament

A

Myosin
Appear thicker-have golf heads on ends

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9
Q

Describe components of thin filament

A

Actin
appear thinner

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10
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

Length of Overlapping thick and thin filaments

Shorten sarcomere to contract

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11
Q

What does the term “innervation” refer to?

A

Requires a specific nerve to perform action

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12
Q

Describe the NMJ (neuromuscular junction)—what occurs there?

A

Where neuron and skeletal muscle meet

-Synaptic bulb on axon terminal releases ACH

-ACh travels inside of space called synaptic cleft

-Travels inside of cleft until it reaches nicotinic receptors- n.receptor then performs action

-After response is done, ACHE will break down ACH to get rid of it

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13
Q

What is a motor unit? How do motor units provide for muscle contraction?

A

Neuron(LMN) and all of skeletal muscle cells in one muscle that it can stimulate

Can recruit more motor units if needed-allows for rest of muscles to prevent fatigue

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14
Q

Small motor unit

A

smaller motor unit
fine degree of control
3-6 muscle cels per neuron

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15
Q

large motor unit

A

larger motor unit
has more strength then control
1000 muscle cells per neuron
many muscle fibers

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16
Q

excitation of muscle

A

-LMN will release ACH
-ACH will bind to nicotinic receptor on cell
-Stimulates action potential of skeletal muscle
-AP will go deep into t.tubleus-release calcium into cell

17
Q

contraction of muscle

A

-Calcium will remove tt complex off of actin
-Myosin heads will bind to atp
-Myosin heads will attach to actin
Myosin heads will pull-release-pull etc.. on actin inward, which shortens length of sarcomere

18
Q

relaxation of skeletal muscle

A

-Stop signal-get rid of ACH-Stops action potential
-calcium gets sucked back into sarcoplasmic reticulum
-Tt complex covers actin again
-myosin cant bind
-muscle cell goes back to original length

19
Q

Why is ATP necessary for relaxation?

A

Calcium getting sucked back into SR

20
Q

isotonic contraction

A

Same load/weight
moving of length of muscle
ex-lifting weight

21
Q

isometric contraction

A

different amounts of load/weight
length of muscle doesnt move
ex-pushing on a wall

22
Q

muscular atrophy

A

decrease in size and wasting of muscle tissue

23
Q

muscular hypertrophy

A

increasing size of muscle cells
increasing load or stress on muscle will respond by creating more actin or myosin

24
Q

What is the purpose of glycogen in skeletal muscle cells?

A

Can be broken down and used as glucose to generate ATP

25
Q

Describe skeletal muscle metabolism to generate ATP

A

Glycolysis-generates 2 ATP-can go into rest of CR if needed-Generates lactic acid-no oxygen required

CP-quickly donates P to adp to make ATP-byproduct is creatine

Aerobic-glycolysis-formation of acetyl coa-krebs cycle-ETC

26
Q

immediate metabolism

A

short- intense exercise
CP will supply phosphate to adp to make ATP

27
Q

short term metabolism

A

Fermentation
yields small amounts of atp
used in minor situations

28
Q

long term metabolism

A

Aerobic respiration-Glycolysis- acetyl coa-krebs-ETC
Produces 36 ATP
used for longer uses of metabolism

29
Q

fast muscle cells

A

adapted for fast responses
adapted for fermentation to make ATP
pale appearance because no mitochondria or capillaries

30
Q

slow muscle cells

A

adapted for aerobic respiration and fatigue resistance
relatively long twitch

31
Q

Is NS required

Skeletal
cardiac
smooth

A

S-Yes

C-No

SM-No

32
Q

Which ns will influence

Skeletal
cardiac
smooth

A

S-Somatic

C-Autonomic

SM-Autonomic

33
Q

Name of contractile protein

Skeletal
cardiac
smooth

A

S-Actin+ myosin

C-Actin + myosin

SM-Actin + myosin

34
Q

name of regulatory protein

Skeletal
cardiac
smooth

A

S- T-T

C-T-T

SM-Calmodulin and kinase

35
Q

source of calcium

Skeletal
cardiac
smooth

A

S- Sarcoplasmic reticulum

C-Sarcoplasmic reticulum/ECF

SM-Extra cellular fluid

36
Q

can it be autorythmic

Skeletal
cardiac
smooth

A

S-No

C-yes

SM-yes

37
Q

can cells regenerate

Skeletal
cardiac
smooth

A

S-no-scar tissue

C-no-scar tissue

SM-yes

D-advanced anat (14 decks)

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