Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

geography > people and the biosphere - paper 3 > Flashcards

people and the biosphere - paper 3 Flashcards

1
Q

abiotic components

A

Non-living environmental factors that have influence over the ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

altitude

A

A measurement of the height of the land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

altitudinal zonation

A

The presence of distinct bands of different vegetation types at different elevations, caused by the change of environmental conditions with altitude.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

biome

A

a large, distinct region of the Earth with similar climate, soil, plants and animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what else can a biome be referred to as

A

globe-scale ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

biosphere

A

The living layer of Earth between the atmosphere (air) and the lithosphere (crust) where all plants and animals are found.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

biotic components

A

Living organisms that interact with the environment and other organisms within an ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

boserupian theory

A

The theory that the demands of the growing population will always be met, as humans will continue to invent new ways to increase resource supply.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

carbon sequestration

A

The long-term capture and storage of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

taiga/boreal (coniferous forest biome) facts

A

A biome located at high latitudes, characterised by conifer trees and a cold climate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

consumer

A

Organisms that receive energy from consuming (i.e. eating) living organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

decomposer

A

Organisms that break down organic material and release the nutrients back into the ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

desert biome

A

A biome located around 30° north and south of the equator, characterised by extremely low precipitation levels and extreme daily temperature fluctuations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ecosystem

A

A natural system in which a community of plants and animals interact with each other and their physical environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Eutrophication

A

The growth of algae in a body of water due to excess nutrients, leading to the
depletion of oxygen in an aquatic ecosystem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

food chain

A

shows the biotic interactions within an ecosystem, from a producer to a final consumer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hydrological cycle

A

The continuous transfer of water throughout Earth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

indigenous people

A

The earliest known settlers in an area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

industrialisation

A

The development of the industrial sector in a country or region.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

malthusian theory

A

The theory that population growth increases exponentially but resource supply only increases linearly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mediterranean biome

A

A biome located 40-45° north of the equator (and in isolated spots south of the equator), characterised by mild, moist winters and hot, dry summers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

nutrient cycling

A

The transfer of nutrients through an ecosystem, from the decay of organic material into the production and energy of living organisms.

23
Q

producers

A

Organisms that convert energy from the environment (mainly sunlight) into sugars
(glucose).

24
Q

savanna biome

A

A biome located around 15-30° north and south of the equator, characterised by high temperatures, very dry summers and very wet winters.

25
Q

temperate deciduous forest biome

A

A biome located around 40-50° north and south of the equator, characterised by deciduous trees (trees that shed their leaves) and moderate precipitation.

26
Q

temperate grassland biome

A

A biome located in non-coastal areas around 30-40° north and south of the equator, characterised by low precipitation and grasses as the major vegetation.

27
Q

transpiration

A

The evaporation of water from plants.

28
Q

tropical rainforest biome

A

A biome located near the equator, characterised by very high precipitation and sustained warm temperatures.

29
Q

tundra biome

A

A biome located in the far northern hemisphere, characterised by very cold conditions and permanently frozen soils.

30
Q

urbanisation

A

The increase in the proportion of the population living in urban areas.

31
Q

how does precipitation effect biomes

A

low pressure - rainy climate

high pressure - low precipitation

32
Q

how does temperature effect biomes

A

higher latitudes - low temperatures - less intense sunlight - less growth

around the equator - sun shines directly - warm - more growth

33
Q

how can you compare different biomes

A

climate graphs

34
Q

what 3 things effect biomes locally

A

altitude
rock and soil type
drainage

35
Q

how does altitude effect biomes

A

temperature gets colder as you get higher - temperature is colder
precipitation increases with height - alters vegetation

36
Q

how does rock and soil type effect biomes

A

rocks are broken down - chemicals and nutrients released - chemicals influence soil pH and fertility

bedrock - effects permeability, vulnerability to erosion and drainage

37
Q

how does drainage effect biomes

A

well drained soils - do not retain water - different plants can grow

poorly drained soils - waterlogged and boggy - harder to grow

38
Q

what 4 things effect drainage

A

topography and relief
soil type
amount of vegetation
precipitation and temperature

39
Q

example of indigenous people

A

Efe people

40
Q

why is the biosphere essential for human life

A

supports us with good and services

41
Q

what does goods refer too

A

food and water
energy sources (fossil fuels)
materials (timber)

42
Q

services

A

atmospheric regulation
soil formation and nutrient cycling
hydrological cycle

43
Q

how have humans exploited the biosphere

A

for:
energy
water
mineral resources

44
Q

how have humans exploited energy from the biosphere

A

energy supply - fossil fuels

extracted at unsustainable rate, takes millions of years to reproduce
extraction is causing environmental damage
fossil fuels - green house gases - global warming

45
Q

how have humans exploited water from the biosphere

A

pop requires long lasting, clean water sources

water depleted by altering hydrological cycle
groundwater is depleting at a faster rate than replenishing
may face water shortages

46
Q

how have humans exploited mineral resources from the biosphere

A

takes billions of years to form - depleting fast

used for:
consumer goods (phones)
construction (metal)
medicines
fertilises for crops - keep up with pop growth

47
Q

what does the biosphere do

A

regulates globally important services

  • maintains green house gases
  • regulates photosynthesis
48
Q

photosynthesis equ

A

carbon dioxide + water -> oxygen + glucose

49
Q

how does the biosphere keep soils fertile

A

Through nutrient cycle - movement of nutrients around - biomass and litter

50
Q

why is there a growing demand for resources (3)

A

population is growing

world is getting richer

urbanisation is increasing

51
Q

why is the population growing causing a demand in resources

A

more homes to build
more people to feed - pop doubled 4 billion to 7.7 billion
more energy to supply

52
Q

why is the world getting richer causing a demand in resources

A

people consume more food - requires land and resources - type of food changed (more dairy and meat) - more animals needed

more disposable income - holidays (fossil fuels for airplane) - more cars (energy and resources) and more consumer goods (phones - require mineral resources)

investments to sanitation - requires water resource s

53
Q

why is urbanisation increasing causing a demand in resources

A

over half the world live in cities

requires more resources for construction - energy for transport and electricity

54
Q

how is industrialisation increasing poorer regions

A

socioeconomic shift to industrialisation

large factories built - investments to industries - migrating to work from rural to urban

more urbanisation - greater energy consumption

geography (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions