M8S3 The Heart Flashcards
Distribution of cardiac output
-heart is a major part of cardiovascular system (also known as circulatory system) as pumps blood throughout body
-distribution of cardiac output refers to amount of blood (expressed as percentage) in arterial and venous systems at given time
-typically, 30-35% of total blood volume resides in arterial systems, where 65-70% resides in venous system
*refer to goodnotes
Pulmonary and Systematic circulation
-2 types of circulation which differ based on destination in body
Pulmonary circulation:
-carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs for oxygenation
- after gas exchange in lungs, returns oxygenated blood back from lungs to heart
Systemic circulation:
-Carries oxygenated blood from heart to other organ systems/tissues of body, except lungs
-deoxygenated blood from tissues returns to heart
*refer to goodnotes
Anatomical location of heart
-resides in mediastinum (Rene let located between 2 lungs as “media” like “middle”) which space between lungs and thorax
-as result, heart has different boarder and surfaces depending on which are it close contact with
-shape of heart resembles inverted pear fruit
-most inferior and lateral portion of heart on left (in goodnotes) known as apex
*refer to goodnotes
Coverings of heart
-various layers overtop of it which referred to as coverings or pericardium of heart
-2 types of layers
- Fibrous precarious
-most external protective covering - Serous pericardium
-2 types: parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium
-between 2 layers there’s a pericardial space filled with pericardial fluid
-pericardial fluid decreases friction between 2 layers when heart beats
-so all together, pericardium has 3 layers
*refer to goodnote images
Chambers of heart
4 chambers
1. Right atrium (Atria-pleural)
2. Left atrium
3. Right ventricle
4. Left ventricle
*refer to goodnotes
The atria of the heart
-function: receive blood from body and lungs before blood enters the ventricles
Interatrial septum
-wall between left and right atria where fossa ovalis found
Fossa ovalis
-depression in interatrial septum of right atrium
-embryological remnant of fetal foramen ovale, opening which allowed movement of blood from right to left atrium during fetal life
Auricles
-extensions or pouches that project above the chambers of left and right atria, increasing capacity of each atrium
Atrioventricular groove
-depression between atria and ventricles encircling heart
-aka coronary sulcus
-groove seperates atria from ventricles externally, and houses the coronary vessels
*refer to goodnotes
The ventricles of the heart
-function right ventricle: pump blood to lungs to become oxygenated
-function left ventricle: pump oxygenated blood to rest of body
Interventricular sulcus
-groove on external surface of heart that separates right ventricle from left ventricle
-sits above the interventricular septum
Interventricular septum
-wall between left and right ventricle
Trabeculae carneae
-irregular muscular ridges on internal walls of each ventricle that formed by large ventricular muscles
-aka cross-bars of flesh
Papillary muscle
-smaller muscular projections on internal walls of ventricles that attach to valves of heart
*refer to goodnotes
Valves of heart
-control the one-way flow of blood through heart
-2 of them control blood flow from atria ventricles, other 2 control flow of blood from heart pulmonary systemic circulations
Tricuspid valve
-located between right atrium and left ventricle
-aka right atrioventricular valve
-structures known as chordae tendinae which thin strands of collagen fibres that attach to papillary muscles
-controls blood flow from right atrium into right ventricle
Bicuspid valve
-located between left atrium and left ventricle
-aka left atrioventricular or mitral valve
-has chordae tendinae that anchor it to left ventricle
-controls blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
-between left ventricle and aorta (major vessel of heart)
-controls blood flow from left ventricle into aorta
Pulmonary semilunar valve
-between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk (major vessel of heart)
-controls blood flow from right ventricle into pulmonary trunk
*refer to goodnotes
Heart ultrasound
-allows us to see the internal anatomy
-shows 4 chambers
-atrioventricular valves open and close with every beat
0there are tricuspid valve between RA AND RV
Bicuspid or mitral valve between LA AND LV
-enable physicians to diagnose various disease condition of heart and heart valves
Great vessels draining blood into heart
-major vessels
Pulmonary veins (right and left)
-drain oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
Superior vena cava
-drains deoxygenated blood from upper body to right atrium
Coronary sinus
-drains deoxygenated blood from coronary circulation to right atrium
Inferior vena cava
-drains deoxygenated blood from lower body to right atrium
*refer to goodnotes
Great vessels pumping blood away from heart
Ascending aorta
-conducts oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body
Pulmonary trunk
-conducts deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary arteries (right and left)
-conducts deoxygenated blood from pulmonary trunk to lungs
*refer to goodnotes
Arterial supply of heart
-how heart supplies blood to self (coronary circulation)
-through 2 main vessels
Right coronary artery branches
-branches associated with coronary circulation
Left coronary artery branches
-branches associated with coronary circulation
*refer to goodnotes
Flow of blood
Refer to goodnotes
Coronary circulation direction
Circle and loop schematic to supply all areas of the heart
(Word coronary derived from Latin meaning “crown.” Comes from fact coronary vessels form crown around base of heart)
*refer to goodnotes
Venous drainage of heart
-tributaries of venous drainage of heart that return deoxygenated blood to right atrium
*refer to goodnotes
