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(2) Evaluation & Intervention of MSK Conditions 💪 > S2_L2: Elbow & Forearm > Flashcards

S2_L2: Elbow & Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the humerus articulates to the ulna?

A

Trochlea

Source: Lecture Formative Quiz

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2
Q

What is the type of joint of the humero-ulnar articulation?

A

Modified hinge joint

Source: Lecture Formative Quiz

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3
Q

What ligament provides stabilizing action against varus
forces at the elbow?

A

Radial collateral ligament

Source: Lecture Formative Quiz

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4
Q

Among the elbow flexors, which one contracts actively always regardless of the position of the forearm?

A

Brachialis

Source: Lecture Formative Quiz

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5
Q

Among the elbow flexors, which one is most effective
between 80-100° of flexion?

A

Biceps brachii

Source: Lecture Formative Quiz

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6
Q

Where is the common origin of wrist flexor muscles?

A

Medial epicondyle

Source: Lecture Formative Quiz

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7
Q

What nerve provides sensory supply on the lateral side of the dorsum of wrist and hand and lateral 3 1⁄2 digits?

A

Radial nerve

Source: Lecture Formative Quiz

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8
Q

What nerve may be entrapped between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve

Source: Lecture Formative Quiz

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9
Q

What is the endfeel for elbow flexion?

A

Soft

Source: Lecture Formative Quiz

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10
Q

What is the dermatome assigned at the level of the lateral epicondyle?

A

C5

Source: Lecture Formative Quiz

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11
Q

Regeneration rate of nerves when immobilized

A

1 mm per day (range 0.5-0.9mm)

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12
Q

Match the following techniques to the nerve it is associated with.

  1. ULTT 1
  2. ULTT 4
  3. ULTT 3

A. Radial nerve
B. Median nerve
C. Ulnar nerve

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. A
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13
Q

This condition is known as the Little League’s Elbow

A

Medial Elbow Tendinopathy

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14
Q

How long is the period of immobilization of Total Elbow Arthroplasty (TEA)?

A

8-12 days to weeks

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: A patient may already try to perform push-ups 4 weeks after TEA to facilitate healing.

A

False.

The patient must avoid this activity for 6 weeks.

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16
Q

What peripheral nerve injury is associated with the ulnar nerve?

A

cubital tunnel syndrome

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17
Q

____ is a cumulative trauma disorder, not from a sudden injury.

A

overuse syndrome

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18
Q

Enumerate the 5 possible etiology of joint hypomobility

A

Fracture
Dislocation
Arthritic conditions
Burns
Myositis ossificans

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19
Q

Determine what is the intervention scenario done in each condition?

  1. Total Elbow Arthroplasty
  2. Elbow Tendinopathy
  3. Peripheral Nerve Injury (Acute Phase)
  4. Peripheral Nerve Injury (Recovery Phase)
  5. Peripheral Nerve Injury (Chronic Phase)

A. to restore & to compensate
B. to compensate & prevent
C. to restore only

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. A
  4. C
  5. B
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20
Q

What is the ROM necessary for function of the elbow? Answer for flexion, extension, pronation, and supination.

A

flexion-extension: 30-130*
supination-pronation: 50* each

Source: Chegg Elbow Evaluation

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21
Q

4 possible etiology of lateral epicondylalgia?

A
  1. overuse phenomenon
  2. gripping activities with repetition or sustained force
  3. tennis players, factory workers
  4. potential for degenerative changes at tendon

Source: Chegg Elbow Evaluation

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22
Q

2 possible etiology of medial epicondylalgia?

A
  1. overuse of wrist flexion or pronation
  2. overhead throwers and golfers

Source: Chegg Elbow Evaluation

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23
Q

What is the intervention for simple dislocations?

A

Closed reduction and splint in flexion for 7-10 days

Source: Chegg Elbow Evaluation

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24
Q

Determine the sensory loss if entrapment of median nerve at ligament of struthers occurs?

A
  1. palmar fingers 2, 3, and1/2 of 4
  2. thumb
  3. radial palm

Source: Chegg Elbow Evaluation

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25
Q

Determine which activity elicit symptoms of the elbow tendinopathy:

  1. Shuffling papers
  2. Backhand stroke
  3. Pulling weeds
  4. Lifting heavy objects
  5. Computer keyboarding

A. Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy
B. Medial Elbow Tendinopathy

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
26
Q

In tennis elbow the wrist ____ are strained.

A

extensors

27
Q

To develop soft tissue & joint mobility in overuse syndrome, a PT must provide ____ resistance for 6 seconds x 10 times.

A

isometric

28
Q

Wrist position progression of wrist flexor muscles for tendinopathies

A

Flexion → Neutral → Extension

29
Q

Residual stiffness are common in (1)_____ and may present with (2)____ degrees loss of terminal (3)____.

A
  1. joint hypomobility
  2. 10-15
  3. extension
30
Q

What bone is usually dislocated in the elbow?

A

ulna

31
Q

Heterotopic ossification is common to develop in elbow (1)____, (2)____ muscle, & (3)____.

A
  1. trauma
  2. brachialis
  3. burns
32
Q

To fix a nursemaid’s elbow, a PT must apply (1)___ perform (2)____ to return the radial head into position.

A
  1. compression
  2. supination
33
Q

For a pushed elbow, a PT must perform ____.

A

Gr. III distraction

34
Q

When there is an ulnar dislocation present, it’s best to place the elbow in _____ to prevent ulnar neuropathy.

A

20-30 degrees flexion

35
Q

Determine where the following nerves might be impinged:

  1. Cubital tunnel
  2. Musculospiral groove
  3. Supinator
  4. Pronator Teres
  5. 2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris

A. Median Nerve
B. Radial Nerve
C. Ulnar Nerve
D. None

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. B
  4. A
  5. C
36
Q

Determine where the following nerves might be impinged:

  1. flexor digitorum superficialis
  2. Arcade of Fröhse
  3. Ligament of Struthers
  4. extensor carpi radialis brevis
  5. bicipital aponeurosis

A. Median Nerve
B. Radial Nerve
C. Ulnar Nerve
D. None

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
37
Q

Determine where the following nerves might be impinged:

  1. Median Nerve
  2. Radial Nerve
  3. Ulnar Nerve

A. Cubital tunnel
B. Musculospiral groove
C. Supinator
D. Pronator Teres

A
  1. D
  2. B and C
  3. A
38
Q

Determine what body movements is seen in the following peripheral nerve mobilization technique:

  1. Wrist Extension and radial deviation
  2. Elbow & FA extension & pronation
  3. Finger Flexion
  4. Wrist Extension
  5. 10° shoulder abduction and medial rotation

A. Radial nerve
B. Median nerve
C. Ulnar nerve

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
39
Q

What is the position for immobilization the radial head when excised?

A

90 degrees flexion

40
Q

Return to play activities for athletes are only prescribed if pt reaches ____% of the strength of the other UE.

A

90

41
Q

Progression of strengthening muscles & improving endurance for overuse syndrome intervention.

A

Isometric → isotonic → eccentric resistive exercises

42
Q

What are the 2 approaches for TEA ? Explain their procedure.

A
  1. Triceps-reflecting: triceps tendon which inserts
    in the olecranon process is removed to expose
    more of the elbow during operation and is later placed
    back after the operation
  2. Triceps-splitting: surgeon only a creates split in the middle of the triceps tendon
43
Q

What is the correct sequence of movements for peripheral nerve mobilization?

A

Cervical spine → shoulder → elbow & forearm →
wrist → fingers

44
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Loss of terminal flexion of the elbow contributes to greater limitation of function than loss of terminal extension

A

True

Source: Kisner& Colby 7th ed., page 623

45
Q

What are the 2 major ligaments that supports the elbow?

A

Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligament

Source: Kisner& Colby 7th ed., page 623

46
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The brachioradialis is unaffected by the position of the forearm or the shoulder.

A

False. It is the brachialis.

Source: Kisner& Colby 7th ed., page 625

47
Q

The ____ muscle acts as a pronator when the forearm is in supination and a supinator when the forearm is in pronation

A

Brachioradialis

Source: Kisner& Colby 7th ed., page 625

48
Q

The ____ muscle is capable of generating significant force regardless of the elbow position, speed, or power of the motion.

A

Supinator

Source: Kisner& Colby 7th ed., page 626

49
Q

_____ is the most active and consistently used pronator muscle.

A

Pronator quadratus

Source: Kisner & Colby 7th ed., page 627

50
Q

Radicular symptoms from the C5 and C6 nerve roots will present pain in the (1)_____, while C6 and C7 nerve roots in the (2)____.

A
  1. lateral elbow
  2. medial elbow

Source: Kisner & Colby 7th ed., page 627

51
Q

How do you perform joint tracking of the elbow to improve elbow flexion?

A

Apply a gentle lateral glide to the proximal ulna with the belt while having pt perform flexion & extension of elbow.

Source: Kisner & Colby 7th ed., page 629

52
Q

In adults, the most common fracture in the elbow region is a fracture of the ____.

A

head and neck of the radius

Source: Kisner & Colby 7th ed., page 630

53
Q

Radial head excision is contraindicated in ____

A

a growing child

Source: Kisner & Colby 7th ed., page 631

54
Q

Arthroplasty is contraindicated in the presence of ____

A

an active infection

Source: Kisner & Colby 7th ed., page 631

55
Q

2 approaches that may be performed for radial head incision:

A
  1. Posterolateral (kocher) approach - between the extensor carpi ulnaris and anconeus muscles
  2. Kaplan approach - between the extensor digitorum and the extensor carpi radialis brevis

Source: Kisner & Colby 7th ed., page 631

56
Q

Active ROM is generally allowed within (1)____ postoperatively and begins no longer than (2) ____ postoperatively if there was an unstable fracture or dislocation requiring immobilization.

A
  1. 1 week
  2. 3 weeks

Source: Kisner & Colby 7th ed., page 632

57
Q

If a triceps-reflecting approach was used for a linked TEA, in what position should the elbow & forearm be?

A

full elbow extension and a neutral position of the forearm

Source: Kisner & Colby 7th ed., page 636

58
Q

Primary structures involved in lateral epicondylalgia?

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis & extensor digitorum

Source: Kisner & Colby 7th ed., page 642

59
Q

What activities or movements are not allowed after TEA?

A
  1. High-load progressive resistive exercise (PRE)
  2. heavy lifting
  3. high-impact recreational activities with high impact on the upper extremities

Source: Kisner & Colby 7th ed., page 640

60
Q

To improve pain-free grip strength in patients with lateral epicondylitis, use an ____ to help reduce the load on the musculotendinous unit

A

elbow orthosis

Source: Kisner & Colby 7th ed., page 644

61
Q

Add _____ to the program if the patient’s goals include returning to sports or occupational activities that require elbow and forearm ____

A
  1. plyometrics
  2. power

Source: Kisner & Colby 7th ed., page 644

(2) Evaluation & Intervention of MSK Conditions 💪 (14 decks)

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