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CLIN CHEM LEC > LABORATORY AND SAFETY PATIENT PREPARATION > Flashcards

LABORATORY AND SAFETY PATIENT PREPARATION Flashcards

1
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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2
Q

→ develop standardized criteria for laboratory practices

A

Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute

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3
Q

→ offers largest proficiency survey program in the US

A

College of American Pathologist

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4
Q

publishes yearly accreditation manual for hospitals

A

The Joint Commision

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5
Q

Physically remove the hazard

A

Elimination

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6
Q

Replace the hazard

A

Substitution

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7
Q

Isolate the people

A

Engineering control

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8
Q

Change the way people work

A

Administrative control

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9
Q

Protect the worker with PPE

A

PPE

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10
Q

Remove the hazard from the workplace or create a barrier between the workers and the hazard

A

Engineering control

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11
Q

Most common biohazard bags

A

Yellow, green, red, black

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12
Q

Non-infectious dry waste

A

Black

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13
Q

OSHA is enacted by the US congress in

A

1970

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14
Q

Public law of OSHA

A

91-596

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15
Q

Non-infectious we waste

A

Green

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16
Q

Infectious and pathological waste

A

Yellow

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17
Q

Chemical waste w/ heavy metal

A

Yellow with black band

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18
Q

Radioactive waste

A

Orange

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19
Q

Sharps and pressurized containers

A

Red

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20
Q

HEPA

A

High Efficiency Particulate Air (Filtration)

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21
Q

HEPA filtration of air intake and Exhaust

A

Biosafety Cabinet

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22
Q

No filtration of air and exhaust chemical fumes

A

Fume hoods

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23
Q

Are those that modify workers work schedules and tasks in ways that minimize their workplace exposure to hazards

A

Administrative controls

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24
Q

policies that mandate measures to reduce or eliminate exposure to hazard

A

Work practice controls

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25
Q

Infectious agents

A

Biological

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26
Q

Needles, lancets,
broken glass

A

Sharps

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27
Q

Preservatives and
reagents

A

Chemical

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28
Q

Equipment and
radioisotopes

A

Radioactive

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29
Q

Ungrounded or wet
equipment; frayed cords

A

Electrical

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30
Q

Bunsen burners,
organic chemicals

A

Fire/Explosive

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31
Q

Wet floors, heavy
boxes, patients

A

Physical

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32
Q

→ the reaction caused by the rapid oxidation of a combustible
material

A

Fire

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33
Q

Medical waste “may transmit infectious disease”

A

Biological Hazard

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34
Q

Four factors causing fire:

A

fuel, oxygen, heat, uninhibited reaction

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35
Q

Combustible metals also include

A

sodium, potassium

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36
Q

provides a quick visual representation of
the health hazard, flammability, reactivity, and special
hazards that a chemical may pose during a fire.

A

NFPA

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37
Q

“Right to Know” law (published by OSHA; new hazard
communication standard)
● Employees must be notified of the potential health hazards of
the handled chemicals

A

Chemical Hazard

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38
Q

injurious to skin or eyes by direct contact to the
tissue of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract when inhaled
or ingested

A

Corrosive

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39
Q

possible fire or explosion

A

Flammable/combustible

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40
Q

substances that may cause cancer

A

Carcinogenic

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41
Q

substances that can spontaneously explode in
certain conditions

A

Reactive

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42
Q

● aka. Physical Hazards
● Centrifugation lapses
● Lab glassware

A

Mechanical Hazard

43
Q

Liquid nitrogen

A

Cryogenic Material

44
Q

Causes strain disorders

A

Ergonomic Hazard

45
Q

● Ionizing radiation can damage living tissue in the human body

A

Radiation Hazard

46
Q

Volume shifts between the vascular and interstitial
compartments, volume loss by sweating, and changes in
hormone concentrations.

A

Exercise

47
Q

is a waste product of metabolism of nitrogenous
compounds (amino acids and proteins); produced via
deamination of adenosine monophosphate and breakdown
of branched-chain amino acid in skeletal muscle

A

ammonia

48
Q

Elevated levels of proteins in urine

A

(proteinuria)

49
Q

Decreased plasma levels in long-distance
athletes

A

FSH and LH

50
Q

RACE

A

rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish

51
Q

PASS

A

Pull pin, Aim nozzle, Squeeze trigger, sweep nozzle

52
Q

materials which burn or ignite

A

flammable

53
Q

materials which cause visible destruction

A

corrosive

54
Q

materials which are liable to explode

A

reactive

55
Q

materials which cause harm if they enter the body

A

Toxic

56
Q

materials which cause harm by irritating the eyes

A

Irritant

57
Q

materials which can cause harm to the environment

A

Environmental hazard

58
Q

transient temporary increase in

A

lactate, fatty acid, ammonia

59
Q

long term increase in

A

CPK, AST, LD

60
Q

these are enzymes found in muscles

A

SGOT

61
Q

Vigorous hand exercise (fist-clenching) increases

A

potassium,
lactate, and phosphate

62
Q

NPO meaning

A

Nil per os - no eating no drinking

63
Q

is usually done when there is a need for ultrasound of whole abdomen or HBT

A

NPO

64
Q

8-10 hours:

A

FBS, OGTT

65
Q

10-15 hours:

A

lipid profile test

66
Q

12 hrs:

A

Gastrin determination

67
Q

42 hrs:

A

increase serum bilirubin

68
Q

72 hrs:

A

triglycerides

69
Q

High protein diet-increase ________

A

urea

70
Q

is usually test for pregnant women

A

GTT

71
Q

test for lipids

A

TAG

72
Q

may show variation-
postabsorptive hormonal effects.

A

Glucose, lipids, catecholamines

73
Q

serotonin rich food

A

banana, pineapple, tomato, avocado

74
Q

increased in obese people

A

LD, cortisol,glucose

75
Q

Preferred position during phlebotomy:

A

upright position or
supine at least 15-20 mins before blood collection

76
Q

Changing from supine to sitting or standing position-
increased levels of

A

of albumin, enzymes, and calcium

77
Q

Changing from sitting to supine

A

proteins,
lipids, blood urea nitrogen, iron, and calcium

78
Q

Changing from standing to supine position -

A

decreased levels
of cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins

79
Q

Prolonged standing for more than 30 minutes-

A

increased
potassium

80
Q

Prolonged bed rest- decreased

A

→ due to fluid

81
Q

________ tourniquet application is recommended

A

1-minute

82
Q

Prolonged application of tourniquet

A

hemoconcentration and anaerobiosis

83
Q

Prolonged use of tourniquet with fist exercise-

A

increase
potassium (1mmol/L)

84
Q

tobacco smoking Increased in

A

plasma catecholamines and cortisol

85
Q

tobacco smoking increased in

A

Increased in glucose, growth hormone, cholesterol,
triglycerides, ammonia, urea, lactate, and urinary 5-HIAA

86
Q

tobacco smoking dcecrease

A

plasma levels of vitamin B12 and elevated
thiocyanate

87
Q

`alcohol ingestion increase in

A

Increased level of urate, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyl
transferase (GGT)

88
Q

alcohol consumption causes an increase in insulin
concentration leading to low blood sugar

A

hypoglycemia

89
Q

Affects adrenal hormone secretion

A

stress (anxiety)

90
Q

stress increased in

A

catecholamines, cortisol, ACTH, prolactin, insulin,
albumin, glucose, lactate

91
Q

affects acid-base balance
leads to a decrease in the partial pressure of arterial
carbon dioxide

A

● Hyperventilation-

92
Q

can cause decreased plasma sodium and
potassium.

A

Diuretics

93
Q

can elevate liver function enzymes.

A

● Hepatotoxic

94
Q

cause increases in liver and pancreatic enzymes

A

Opiates

95
Q

Changes that occur within the body such as cyclic changes
(diurnal or circadian) or those resulting from exercise, diet,
stress, gender, age, drugs, posture, or underlying
medications

A

physiologic variation

96
Q

give me the 4 psychiologic variation

A

affected by diurnal, age, food, gender

97
Q

Peaks 4-6 AM; lowest 8 PM-12 AM; 50% lower at 8 PM than at 8 AM; increased with stress

A

cortisol

98
Q

lower at night increased stress

A

ADH

99
Q

lower at night higher standing than supine

A

Plasma renin activity

100
Q

lower at night

A

cortisol and aldosterone

101
Q

higher at afternoon

A

growth hormone and acid phosphatase

102
Q

increases with exercise

A

thyroxine

103
Q

Peaks early to late morning; decreases up to 30% during the day

A

iron

104
Q

4% decrease supine

A

Calcium

CLIN CHEM LEC (13 decks)

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