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CLIN CHEM LEC > LIVER ANATOMY > Flashcards

LIVER ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

Hepatic artery

A

25%

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2
Q

Portal vein

A

75%

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3
Q

chief metabolic organ

A

Liver

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4
Q

_________ made up of 80% hepatocytes

A

Liver

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5
Q

also known as central vein

A

central canal

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6
Q

It makes the feces brown

A

stercobilin

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7
Q

give me some example of clotting factors

A

fibrinogen and calcium

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8
Q

ion porphyrin ring

A

HEME

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9
Q

120 days

A

RBC

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10
Q

waste products of hepatocytes

A

bilirubin

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11
Q

microphages liver

A

kupffer cells

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12
Q

UDPGT means

A

Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase

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13
Q

in intestine B2 breakdown

A

B2 - mesobilirubin - mesobilirubinogen - urobilinogen

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14
Q

give me the liver functions

A

all fat soluble vitamins
water soluble vitamins
glycogen

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15
Q

there are 2 bile acids

A

cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid

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16
Q

bile salts are conjugated with ________ and _________

A

amino acids glycine and taurine

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17
Q

excretion of bile

A

bile acids, or salts, pigments, cholesterol
BSPC

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18
Q

give me the three unconjugated bilirubin

A

BI
indirect bilirubin
water-insoluble bilirubin

BIW

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19
Q

protects body from potentially harmful substances absorbed from GIT and toxic by-products of metabolism

A

Detoxification and Drug Metabolism

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20
Q

In portal triad

A

hepatic artery
portal vein
bile duct

HPB

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21
Q

bilirubin metabolism
200-300 mg bilirubin produced daily

A

Conjugation Function

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22
Q

plasma proteins, CHO, lipids, LPPs, clotting factors
normal liver: 12g
albumin/day
metabolism of cholesterol into bile acids

A

synthetic functions

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23
Q

functional unit of liver

A

lobules

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24
Q

3rd fraction

A

B2 + albumin

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25
Q

BI = total bilirubin - B2

A

1.0 - 0.5

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26
Q

B1

A

bilirubin monoglucoronide
Unconjugated bilirubin
Water - insoluble bilirubin
indirect bilirubin
nonpolar bilirubin

BUWIN

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27
Q

B2

A

bilirubin diglucoronide
conjugated bilirubin
Water - soluble bilirubin
direct bilirubin
polar bilirubin

BCWDP

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28
Q

● Composed of Hepatocytes(80%) and Kupffer cells

A

liver

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29
Q

It is located beneath and attached to the_________ protected
by the _________, and held in place by ________

A

diaphragm
lower rib cage
ligamentous attachments

DLL

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30
Q

Liver Has 2 lobes, right and left, separated by the ________

A

falciform ligament

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31
Q

__________lobe is approximately 6x larger

A

right lobe

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32
Q

give me 2 main blood vessels supplying blood

A

hepatic artery -25% oxygen rich
portal vein - 75% nutrient rich

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33
Q

during _________ the patient can survive as long as only ______ is taken

A

Lobectomy - 65%

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34
Q

___________ and ______ found in the liver

A

engulf bacteria and toxins

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35
Q

The liver weighs approximately ___ to _____ in a healthy adult

A

1.2 - 1.5

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36
Q

give me the flow of blood:

A

hepatic artery and portal vein - hepatic sinusoids - central canal

37
Q

Flow of waste products in hepatocytes

A

bile canal-intrahepatic ducts-right or left hepatic duct - common hepatic duct-common bile duct -duodenum of small intestine

38
Q

Give me the functions of the liver (5)

A
  1. synthetic function
  2. conjugation function
  3. detoxification and drug metabolism
  4. excretory and secretory functions
  5. storage
39
Q

Flow of waste products in hepatocytes:

A

bile ducts - intrahepatic ducts - right and left hepatic ducts - common hepatic ducts - common bile ducts - duodenum of small intestine

40
Q

capable to create substances

A

synthetic functions

41
Q

example of synthetic function

A

plasma proteins
Cholesterol
lipids
lpps
clotting factor
ketone body
enzymes

42
Q

example of cholesterol

A

glucose and glycogen

43
Q

example lipids

A

lipoproteins, VLDL, cholesterol

44
Q

example of clotting factor

A

calcium and fibrinogen

45
Q

normal synthetic function

A

12g albumin/day

46
Q

metabolism of cholesterol into ________

A

bile acid

46
Q

metabolism of cholesterol into ________

A

bile acid

47
Q

All proteins are synthesized in the _________ except for _____________

A

liver - immunoglobulins

48
Q

After 120 days, these rbcs will phagocytosed by the macrophage in either _______, ________ or ________

A

spleen, liver, bone marrow

49
Q

The phagocytosed RBCs breakdown product is _________ and _______

A

globin and heme

50
Q

this will be further metabolized into amino acids which will be delivered in amino acid pool

A

Globin

51
Q

inside the heme is _______ and _________

A

porphyrin ring and iron

52
Q

Iron: if it is not in the pathway of the liver) it will be transferred or carried to the liver through a carrier protein, known as ____________

A

Transferrin

53
Q

the form of iron that the transferrin can carry

A

Ferric iron (Fe3+)

54
Q

storage form of iron

A

Ferritin

55
Q

Heme (Porphyrin ring)
The heme (referring to the porphyrin ring) will be oxidized by the enzyme, ________________
Once it is oxidized will be reduced by the enzyme, ______________ this biliverdin will be reduced by the enzyme ____________ Once it undergoes reduction, it will become _____________

A

Heme oxygenase
biliverdin
biliverdin reductase
unconjugated bilirubin

56
Q

_____________ carrier protein of unconjugated bilirubin

A

Albumin

57
Q

Other names for conjugated bilirubin

A

b1
bilirubin monoglucuronide
water-insoluble bilirubin
indirect bilirubin
non-polar bilirubin

58
Q

where will conjugated bilirubin go?

if it ever it is not in the liver it will be carried by the ________ to the __________

A

albumin
hepatocyte

59
Q

the unconjugated bilirubin will enter the hepatocyte through either of this two methods: (2)

A

passive diffusion
receptor mediated endocytosis

60
Q

substances found in the hepatocyte:

A

Y and Z proteins and ligandins

61
Q

Once the unconjugated bilirubin goes inside the hepatocyte, the Y and Z protein will form a ______ with __________

A

complex
unconjugated bilirubin

62
Q

when there is now a complex with _______, _______,_________ they will now go to ________

A

Y and z proteins
ligandins
unconjugated proteins

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

63
Q

this is where the conjugation b1 take place

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocyte

64
Q

the enzyme that will conjugate the B1 or B2 or the conjugated bilirubin

A

uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT)

65
Q

the term B 1was used instead of______________________

A

unconjugated bilirubin

66
Q

___________ is present in the intestine

A

intestinal bacteria

67
Q

this bacteria will be convert b2 into mesobilirubin

A

intestinal bacteria

68
Q

now, ______ of the urobilinogen will become _______

A

80% stercobilin

69
Q

reason why the feces is brown

A

stercobilin

70
Q

The remaining ____ of the urobilinogen will go to the either the ________ or _________

A

20%
extrahepatic circulation
systematic circulation

71
Q

the urobilinogen will be reabsorbed into the blood and goes into the liver for excretion int the bile or the urine

A

extrahepatic circulation

72
Q

urobilinogen may go to the kidney then to the urinary bladder

A

systematic circulation

73
Q

if the urobilinogen stays in the urinary bladder it will be converted into ________

A

urobilin

73
Q

if the urobilinogen stays in the urinary bladder it will be converted into ________

A

urobilin

74
Q

_________one of the substances that causes the yellow coloration in the urine.

A

urobilin

75
Q

__________ is the primary substance that causes the yellow coloration of urine

A

urochrome

76
Q

formula of delta bilirubin

A

B2 = Albumin

77
Q

formula of total bilirubin

A

b1 + b2 +delta bilirubin = total bilirubin

78
Q

formula of B1

A

total bilirubin - B2 = B1

79
Q

protects body from potentially harmful substances absorbed from GIT and toxic by-products of metabolism

A

detoxification and drug metabolism

80
Q

example of detoxification and drug metabolism

A

alcohol
ammonia

81
Q

cholic acid - conjugated cholic acid

A

cholate

82
Q

chenodeoxycholic acid - conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid

A

chenodeoxycholate

83
Q

_______ are conjugated with glycine and taurine forming bile salts

A

Glycine

84
Q

all fats soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

85
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

B 12

86
Q

Storage functions 3 parts

A

all fats soluble vitamins
water soluble vitamins
glycogen

CLIN CHEM LEC (13 decks)

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