nutrients + contribution to diet terminology

Question 1

nutrient

Answer 1

a chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body

Question 2

maintenance diet

Answer 2

the correct nutrients in the right amounts, maintaining the correct weight and ultimately good health of the animal

Question 3

calorie

Answer 3

a unit measure of energy in food

Question 4

macronutrient

Answer 4

generally needed in large quantities
→protein, fats / lipids, carbs + water

Question 5

micronutrient

Answer 5

essential in small amounts for normal process and functions of an animal’s body
→vitamins + minerals

Question 6

carbohydrates

Answer 6

sugars (simple) starches (complex), cellulose (fibre) (complex)

Question 7

monosaccharides

Answer 7

single sugars

Question 8

disaccharides

Answer 8

sugars composed of two monosaccharides joined together

Question 9

polysaccharides

Answer 9

carbs made up of three or more sugars, usually linked together to form a chain

Question 10

peptide

Answer 10

strings of amino acids joined together by a peptide bond

Question 11

dipeptide

Answer 11

a string of two amino acids

Question 12

polypeptide

Answer 12

a string of ten or more amino acids

Question 13

essential amino acids

Answer 13

amino acids that a species is unable to make themselves and therefore must be obtained through dietary sources

Question 14

peptide bond

Answer 14

the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water

Question 15

vitamins

Answer 15

small organic substances that are used by the body in very small quantities

Question 16

organic

Answer 16

containing carbon

Question 17

minerals

Answer 17

inorganic (non-living, do not contain carbon) materials that are essential in small quantities in the diet

Question 18

maltose

Answer 18

glucose + glucose

Question 19

sucrose

Answer 19

glucose + fructose

Question 20

lactose

Answer 20

glucose + galactose