Basic Components Of Female Repro Tract

Question 1

(1) What do ovaries undergo?

Answer 1

Profound morphological changes during reproductive cycles which are associated with changes in physiology and behaviour

Question 2

(1) Ooctyes

Answer 2

Enclosed in ovarian follicles which go through stages of growth called folliculogenesis

Question 3

(1) Primordial

Answer 3

Single layer of flattened cells, ovarian reserve is made up of these follciles

Question 4

(1) Primary

Answer 4

Single layer of cuboidal cells

Question 5

(1) Secondary

Answer 5

2-3 layers of cuboidal cells with a zona pellucida (ZP)

Question 6

(1) Antral/Tertiary

Answer 6

Characterized by a fluid-filled cavity, these follicles produce E2 and inhibin

-development of FSH and LH
-follicular fluid is derived from plasma

Question 7

(1) Ovulation

Answer 7

Rupture of dominant follicle and release of oocyte induced by LH peak

Question 8

(1) Corpus Hemorrhagicum

Answer 8

Follicle after bursting, ruptured blood vessels in this structure give it a reddish colour; develop into CL

Question 9

(1) Corpus luteum (CL)

Answer 9

Follicular cells differentiate into luteal cells that secrete P4

Question 10

(1) Corpus Albicans

Answer 10

Whitish, regressing CL composed of connective tissue

Question 11

(1) Hilus

Answer 11

Formed by mesovarium (part of BL) is the channel through which ovarian arteries and veins reach the ovaries

Question 12

(1) Theca externa

Answer 12

Loose connective tissue that completely surrounds and supports follicle

Question 13

(1) Theca Interna

Answer 13

Layer beneath theca externa, has LH receptors and produces androgens

Question 14

(1) Granulosa Cells

Answer 14

Layer beneath theca interna (separated by basal lamina). Differentiate into large luteal cells and produce ~85% of P4

-basal lamina forms a blood-oocyte barrier
-these cells have FSH receptors, convert androgens to E2 and produce inhibin

Question 15

(1) Corpus Luteum

Answer 15

Endocrine gland formed by follicular cells after ovulation, all have LH receptors and produce P4

Question 16

(2) Oviducts

Answer 16

Transport cumulus oocyte complex (COC) towards uterus and sperm towards ovary

Question 17

(2) Infundibulum

Answer 17

Terminal, funnel-shaped opening (ostium) of oviduct that captures COC after ovulation

Question 18

(2) Ampulla

Answer 18

~50% of oviduct length, thicker layer with a larger outer diameter

-contains mucosal folds of ciliated epithelium which aid in fertilization and zygote transport

Question 19

(2) Isthmus

Answer 19

Smaller in diameter, thicker muscular layer with fewer mucosal folds

-muscular layer pushes sperm towards COC

Question 20

(2) Ampullary-Isthmic Junction

Answer 20

Distinct (gradual histological and morphological change) but represents site of fertilization (halfway down tube)

Question 21

(2) Mare Ovulation

Answer 21

Unique: cortex is internal and medulla is external; ovum enters oviduct via ovulation fossa

Question 22

(3) Degree of Development in Uterine Horns

Answer 22

Inversely proportional to amount of fusion of paramesonephric ducts during development

-more fusion = less developed horns, bigger uterine body

Question 23

(3) Uterus

Answer 23

Responsible for secretion of prostaglandins for control of luteolysis and transport and capacitation of sperm

Question 24

(3) During Pregnancy….

Answer 24

Uterus provides optimal environment for developing embryo

Question 25

(3) Endometrial Sloughing

Answer 25

AKA menstrual period: occurs in non-pregnant primates and humans

Question 26

(3) Maternal Caruncles

Answer 26

Highly vascularized, non-secretory bumps protrusions of tissue in uterine lining that attach to fetal placenta during gestation

Question 27

(3) Uterine Folds

Answer 27

Increase placenta surface area, occur in sows and mares

Question 28

(3) Placental Scars

Answer 28

Occur in female cats and indicate previous pregnancy (previous placental attachments to fetal placenta)

-number of placental scars indicate number of fetuses present

Question 29

(4) Cervix

Answer 29

Thick-walled canal composed of single or multiple layers of rings/folds of connective tissue, smooth muscle and secretory tissue

Question 30

(4) Secretory Tissue

Answer 30

Composed of mucosa that secretes mucus that lubricates the vagina and flushes out foreign material

Question 31

(4) Viscous Mucus

Answer 31

Provides a barrier for protection of fetus against foreign material

Question 32

(4) Interlocking Projections

Answer 32

Crypts/folds that act as a sperm barrier or resevoir depending on circumstance

Question 33

(5) Vagina

Answer 33

Copulatory organ, birth canal, expulsion of urine

Question 34

(5) Cranial Vagina

Answer 34

Derived from paramesonephric ducts, composed of columnar epithelium and has a high degree of secretory activity

Question 35

(5) Caudal Vagina

Answer 35

Derived from urogenital sinus, composed of squamous epithelium whose secretions and thickness changes with stage of cycle

Question 36

(5) Vulva

Answer 36

Provides closure to vagina and minimizes entry of foreign material; composed of folds of skin

Question 37

(5) Dorsal Commissure

Answer 37

Upper part of labia, below perineum

-commissure = meeting of lips

Question 38

(5) Ventral Commissure

Answer 38

Clitoral fossa containing clitoris which is composed of highly innervated erectile tissue

Question 39

(5) Skin of Vulva

Answer 39

Sebaceous and sweat glands, hair follicles, and adipose tissue