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Clinical Chemistry 2 - CEUMLS - C > Potassium > Flashcards

Potassium Flashcards

1
Q

former name of potassium

A

kalium

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2
Q

must NEVER be administered IV push as it can immediately stop the heart <3

A

potassium

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3
Q

RBC in K+ is _?

A

23x of plasma/serum potassium

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4
Q

major intracellular cation, give corresponding values

A

potassium (105 mmol/L in RBC

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5
Q

Critical Value: Hypokalemia

A

2.5 mmol/L

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6
Q

Critical Value: Hyperkalemia

A

6.5 mmol/L

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7
Q

Male Reference Range of Potassium in Plasma

A

3.5-4.5

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8
Q

reference range of serum potassium

A

3.5 - 5.1 mmol/L

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9
Q

reference range of serum potassium is only __ of total body K+

A

2%

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10
Q

this hormone can also regulate potassium

A

aldosterone

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11
Q

In this organ 70-80% of filtered K+ is reabsorb (proximal tubules)

A

kidney

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12
Q

it results to rapid entry of K+ in the cell

A

acute K+ elevation

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13
Q

Female Reference Range of Potassium in Plasma

A

3.4 - 4.4

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14
Q

ref range of K+ in urine (24h)

A

25-125 mmol/d

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15
Q

slight increase/decrease of potassium can seriously affect this muscle

A

potassium

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16
Q

In terms of abnormality, it is the single most important analayte

A

potassium

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17
Q

when aldosterone acts in DCT, it reabsorbs Na, in turn this electrolyte is excreted

A

potassium

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18
Q

it promotes cellular uptake of potassium

A

insulin

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19
Q

In acute elevation of potassium, it results to the rapid entry of K+ into the cell, this mechanism happen because?

A

it’s an attempt to lower potassium in serum

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20
Q

true/false

beta blockers which are therapeutic drugs specifically cardioactive drugs promotes cellular uptake of K+

A

false (impairs)

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21
Q

hypokalemia may result in?

A

arrythmia and paralysis

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22
Q

potassium levels with <2.5mmol/L causes __?

A

tachycardia

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23
Q

most common cause of hypokalemia (extra renal)

A

diarrhea

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24
Q

Enumerate causes of Hypokalemia

A

• GIT loss
• Renal loss
• Cellular Shift
• Decreased K+ Intake

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25
Q

It causes increased loss of potassium in stool

A

large doses of laxatives

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26
Q

True/False

Cathecholamines is involved in cellular uptake of Potassium

A

True

27
Q

hyperkalemia: 6-7 mmol/L can alter?

A

ECG TRACE

28
Q

this concentraton of K+ can cause lack of muscle excitability/weakness

A

8mmol/L

29
Q

K+ conc that can cause cardiac arrest

A

10mmol/L

30
Q

preferred sample for K+ lab analysis

A

heparinized plasma

31
Q

it mimics the function of aldosterone

A

cortisol

32
Q

cathecholamine hyper or hypoglycemia?

A

hyperglycemia

33
Q

It promotes decrease in hydrogen ions, which then promotes excretion of potassium

A

renal tubular acidosis

34
Q

former name of potassium

A

kalium

35
Q

Explain why cushing syndrome results to hypokalemia (renal loss)

A

it involves increase in cortisol which is secreted in the adrenal cortex that MIMICS action of aldosterone

36
Q

alkalosis causes hypokalemia, in what way?

A

When blood pH is alkaline, it will make H+ ions exit the cell to normalize blood pH which in turn makes the K+ enter the cell leading to hypokalemia

37
Q

hypomagnesemia enhances what?

A

secretion of aldosterone

38
Q

Explain how Hyperaldosteronism causes hypokalemia

A

PISO

Hyperaldosteronism causes sodium to be absorbed and potassium to be excreted.

39
Q

It causes hypokalemia because of immature wbcs

A

acute leukemia

40
Q

Pseudohypokalemia only occurs during analysis and when your patient has?

A

leukocytosis which takes up potassium if sample left at RT

41
Q

how many percentage of filtered K+ does kidneys reabsorb

A

70-80%

42
Q

It’s a disease that causes hyperkalemia because all adrenal hormones are affected

A

addison’s disease

43
Q

explain why acidosis causes hyperkalemia

A

when blood is acidic, H+ ions will enter the cell, which in turn makes K+ exit the cell entering blood leading to Hyperkalemia

44
Q

I was so busy that I forgot to centrifuge the whole blood sample that is stored in the ref.

can i still use this blood sample?

A

no, because it is a variable in lab analysis of potassium, this action promotes exit of K+ from cell which will lead to false increase

45
Q

An 18 year old patient fresh from volleyball practice came to the lab, a request came that she should be tested for potassium levels.

what should we do?

A

explain that she can’t be tested for potassium levels because exercise and prolonged standing causes false increase in potassium levels by 10-20%

46
Q

An intern took the blood sample from the patient that will be tested for potassium levels, it was noticeable that the procedure took more than 1 minute.

what can you notice in this case?

A

the blood collection procedure took more than one minute, meaning there is a prolonged tourniquet application, that will cause false increase in K+

47
Q

An intern carefully instruct the patient to fist clench, during blood testing for potassium.

what can you say?

A

you should not instruct your patient to fist clench because it will cause cellular exit of K+

48
Q

True or False

It is okay to use a lipemic sample in potassium testing because it does not necessarily affect K+

A

False, it will cause false increase of serum potassium

49
Q

Potassium: Slight hemolysis - values

A

(50mg/dl hgb)
3% increase in K+

50
Q

Potassium: Gross hemolysis - values

A

(>500 mg/dl hgb)

30% inc K+

51
Q

variable values: mild moderate excercise

A

0.3-1.2 mmol/l inc

52
Q

variable value: vigorous excercise

also, give an example

A

2-3 mmol/l inc (fist clenching)

53
Q

ISE unexcited or excited?

A

unexcited

54
Q

ISE k+ specific membrane

A

valinomycin

55
Q

K+ lab method: colorimetry (___)

A

lockhead and prucell

56
Q

Flame emission photometry: excited or not?

A

excited

57
Q

true or false

hyperaldosteronism = hypernatremia = hypokalemia

A

true

58
Q

T/F
Diabetes Mellitus causes hyponatremia, and hypokalemia

A

false

hyperglycemia causes hyponatremia
DM causes hyperkalemia

59
Q

why can’t you use K2 (versene) in a blood sample that will be tested for K+

A

dipotassium EDTA

60
Q

Acidosis values in hyperkalemia

A

inc 0.2-1.7 mmol/l/0.1 ph unit decrease

61
Q

T/F

a female patient experiences hyperkalemia 128mmol/d in her urine sample. It also means that she has hypoaldosteronism and hypernateremia

A

t

62
Q

why plasma is preferred over serum in potassium lab analysis?

A

serum is 0.1-0.7 mmol/l higher than plasma

63
Q

3 specimen accepted in potassium analysis

A

heparinized plasma, serum, urine

64
Q

major cation inside the cell

A

potassium

Clinical Chemistry 2 - CEUMLS - C (8 decks)

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