GU

Question 1

What would the target 24 hour urine output be for a 70kg adult patient?
A. 620 - 1800 ml
B. 750 - 2250ml
C. 840 - 2520ml

Answer 1

C. 840 - 2520ml

Question 2

Naproxen (NSAID) is most likely to cause which type of
renal injury?
A. pre-renal
B. interstitial
C. post-renal

Answer 2

B. interstitial

Question 3

Which of the following statements is correct about the diagnostic criteria of acute kidney injury?
A. A urine output below 0.8ml/kg/hr for more than 6 hours
B. A serum creatinine increase of 45mmol/L
in the last 24 hours
C. A serum potassium of 6.2mmol
D. A >50% rise in serum creatinine within
the past 7 days

Answer 3

D. A >50% rise in serum creatinine within
the past 7 days

Question 4

55 year old man presents to A&E. He is sweating and
complains of pain in his right flank. He has been vomiting.
The pain radiates to his right groin and right testicle.
Urinalysis is performed and is positive for blood (there is no glucose, no nitrite and no protein on urinalysis). Urine
microscopy is performed has RBCs and minimal WBCs.
What is the likely diagnosis?
A. UTI
B. prostatitis
C. ureteric calculus
D. pyelonephritis
E. benign prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 4

C. ureteric calculus

Question 5

Which investigation would you request if you suspected
renal or ureteric calculi?

Answer 5

CT urinary tract

Question 6

What is most common constituent of renal calculi?

Answer 6

calcium oxalate

Question 7

Which zone of the prostate is most commonly affected by cancer?

Answer 7

peripheral

Question 8

What is the most common site of metastases for prostate cancer?

Answer 8

bone

Question 9

What cellular changes occur in BPH?

Answer 9

Hyperproliferation of epithelial and stromal cells in the transition zone of the prostate gland

Question 10

A 50 year old man presents to his GP with a swollen left
testicle. He has urinalysis performed. This finds
haematuria. What would be the first line investigation?

Answer 10

USS abdomen (kidneys)

Question 11

Describe the venous drainage of the left testicle

Answer 11

Pampiniform plexus, left testicular vein, left renal vein, inferior vena cava

Question 12

What is the most common cause of a UTI?
A. E. coli
B. Pseudomonas
C. Klebsiella
D. Legionella
E. Proteus

Answer 12

A. E. coli

Question 13

What organism in the list below is associated with UTI
and renal stones?
A. E. coli
B. Pseudomonas
C. Klebsiella
D. Legionella
E. Proteus

Answer 13

E. Proteus

Question 14

What is meant by the term “uncomplicated UTI”

Answer 14

A urinary tract infection within a structurally normal urinary tract

Question 15

What would be the correct prescription of oral antibiotics for a male patient with a UTI? (name of drug and duration)

Answer 15

Nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim for 7 days

Question 16

What are the typical findings on urinalysis with nephrotic
syndrome?

Answer 16

Proteinuria (protein ++++) and frothy appearance

Question 17

What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in
children in the UK?

Answer 17

Minimal change disease (idiopathic in 90% of cases)

Question 18

A 28 year old male patient presents with a 10 day history of shortness of breath, haemoptysis and dark coloured urine. Blood tests indicate acute renal failure. What is the most likely diagnosis for his presentation?

Answer 18

Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

Question 19

Loop diuretics inhibit resorption of which ion in the loop of Henle? & by what mechanism?

Answer 19

Sodium. By inhibiting the Na2ClK symporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle