Unit 1 Quizzes

Question 1

Steve has not missed a day of work in over a year. Which of the following could be considered a direct motive for Steve’s behavior?

A) The praise Steve receives from his parents after going to work regularly
B) A warning letter Steve received two years ago discussing his low work attendance
C) Steve’s fear that he will be fired if he misses a day of work
D) The salary Steve earns for working the job

Answer 1

Steve’s fear that he will be fired if he misses a day of work.

Question 2

A teacher assesses motivation by timing how long students persist at a difficult academic task. This would be considered a __________ measure of motivation.

A) Brain activation
B) Behavioral
C) Psychophysiological
D) Self-report

Answer 2

Behavioral

Question 3

Greater motivation leads to more positive “life outcomes.” Which of the following is an example of what is meant by the term “life outcome?”

A) Increased resting heart rate
B) Strong performance at work
C) Likelihood of getting a divorce
D) Greater global brain activity

Answer 3

Strong performance at work.

Question 4

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between motivation and well-being?

A) There is no established relationship between well-being and motivation.
B) Greater well-being leads to greater motivation, but there is no effect of motivation on well-being.
C) When motivation is high, well-being flourishes; when motivation is low, well-being suffers.
D) When motivation is high, well-being suffers; when motivation is low, well-being flourishes.

Answer 4

When motivation is high, well-being flourishes; when motivation is low, well-being suffers.

Question 5

True or False: When it comes to motivation, quantity (having a lot of motivation) is more important than quality (having certain forms of motivation).

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Which of the following need types was described in detail in Chapter 4?

A) Implicit
B) Social
C) Physiological
D) Psychological

Answer 6

Physiological

Question 7

Growth needs motivate behavior by generating emotions such as:

A) Relief
B) Anxiety
C) Interest
D) Pain

Answer 7

Interest

Question 8

According to physiological drive theories, which of the following statements is inaccurate?

A) When physiological deficits become strong enough, they will capture our attention, even if we are doing important tasks.
B) Drives, not physiological deficits, represent the psychological experience of motivation.
C) Both drives and negative feedback activate behavior.
D) While physiological needs are internal to us, they are also affected by external conditions.

Answer 8

Both drives and negative feedback activate behavior.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about thirst is inaccurate?

A) Loss of water can happen in many ways, including perspiration and breathing.
B) Thirst is the uncomfortable psychological experience that arises from dehydrated cells.
C) People may choose to drink for reasons other than dehydration (e.g., when water or other liquids taste sweet).
D) Dehydrated cells represent the motivational driving force for the biological need to not feel thirsty.

Answer 9

Dehydrated cells represent the motivational driving force for the biological need to not feel thirsty.

Question 10

True or False: Like any physiological process, hunger follows a strict pattern of depletion (low food stores) and repletion (eating). For example, a person whose glucose levels generate hunger will replenish their food stores immediately and sufficiently, and do so consistently across situations.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

_____ measures changes in brain activity as blood flows throughout the brain, while _____ measures changes in electrical brain activity.

A) fMRI, PET
B) fMRI, EEG
C) EEG, PET
D) EEG, fMRI

Answer 11

fMRI, EEG

Question 12

What is responsible for increasing the motivation to social connect with others?

Answer 12

Oxytocin

Question 13

What is responsible for bottom-up motivational processes, such as responding to threats in the environment and emotions like anger and frustration?

Answer 13

Subcortical Region

Question 14

What is responsible for top-down motivational processes, such as goal-setting and regulating one’s own motivation.

Answer 14

Cortical Region

Question 15

What reflects a motivated response to stressful [often social] situations?

Answer 15

Cortisol

Question 16

When there is a discrepancy between one’s current state and ideal end-state, it can be resolved by:

A) Modifying the goal itself
B) All of the above (and/or below) can resolve discrepancies
C) Changing one’s goal-directed actions
D) Withdrawing from pursuit of the goal

Answer 16

All of the above (and/or below) can resolve discrepancies.

Question 17

Which of the following would not be considered an example of a goal?

A) “This year, I am trying to get a promotion at work.”
B) “I want to be healthier.”
C) “I want to get an A on the first exam in this course.”
D) “Last year, I did not exercise as much as I wanted to.”

Answer 17

“Last year, I did not exercise as much as I wanted to.”

Question 18

Which of the following factors decreases the likelihood of goal achievement?

A) A very easily attainable goal
B) A goal that is so specific there is only one way to achieve it
C) A goal that is consistent with a person’s deeper values, beliefs, and desires
D) Ready availability of goal-related resources, like training or tutoring

Answer 18

A very easily attainable goal.

Question 19

Goal disengagement is most beneficial for well-being when:

A) Effort is reduced, but goal commitment remains the same
B) A new, alternative goal is adopted in the original goal’s place
C) A person very rarely chooses to disengage from their goals
D) Goal commitment is reduced, but effort remains the same

Answer 19

A new, alternative goal is adopted in the original goal’s place.

Question 20

True or False: A person can only learn to self-regulate through monitoring their own internal states and behaviors.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Which of the following statements about implicit motives is false?

A) Implicit motives direct our motivational energy toward the experience of certain emotional states, which typically arise in social settings.
B) Implicit motives cannot be consciously reported.
C) Implicit motives develop during childhood, are solidified during adolescence, and are resistant to change during adulthood.
D) Implicit motives are assessed by recording (and analyzing) people’s reactions to specific stimuli.

Answer 21

Implicit motives develop during childhood, are solidified during adolescence, and are resistant to change during adulthood.

Question 22

What implicit motive seeks out this emotional experience?: Bursts of arousal when a person successfully exerts control over their social environment.

Answer 22

Need for Power

Question 23

What implicit motive seeks out this emotional experience?: Feelings of relief and lack of anxiousness when being accepted, rather than rejected, by other people.

Answer 23

Need for Affiliation

Question 24

What implicit motive seeks out this emotional experience?: Feelings of interest and enthusiasm that arise during the completion of moderately difficult diagnostic tasks.

Answer 24

Need for Achievment

Question 25

What implicit motive seeks out this emotional experience?: Feelings of warm, content, positive affect emerging from close relationship development.

Answer 25

Need for Intimacy

Question 26

True or False: The mindsets covered in Chapter 9 (promotion and prevention focus; mastery and performance achievement goal orientations) may be determined by a person’s personality traits or tendencies, but they can also shift due to situational circumstances.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

For which mindset does the following description elicit the greatest levels of motivation?: When there is an opportunity to achieve self-set standards, like gaining a certain amount of knowledge on a topic of personal importance.

Answer 27

Mastery Achievement Goal Orientation

Question 28

For which mindset does the following description elicit the greatest levels of motivation?: When seeking to maintain what one has already achieved by working carefully towards one’s goal(s).

Answer 28

Prevention Focus

Question 29

For which mindset does the following description elicit the greatest levels of motivation?: When progressing toward a desired end-state, experiencing many successes along the way.

Answer 29

Promotion Focus

Question 30

For which mindset does the following description elicit the greatest levels of motivation?: When there is an opportunity to outperform others.

Answer 30

Performance Achievement Goal Orientation

Question 31

Self-concordance theory is concerned with:

A) What the features of one’s goal are (e.g., difficulty, specificity)
B) How one pursues their goals (i.e., different mindsets and strategies that are used during goal-striving)
C) Who tends to work toward certain types of goals, compared to others
D) Why people choose certain goals to work toward

Answer 31

Why people choose certain goals to work toward.

Question 32

Self-concordant goals:

A) Provide a stronger motivational direction than non-concordant goals
B) Generate less motivational energy than non-concordant goals
C) Provide a weaker motivational direction than non-concordant goals
D) Generate more motivational energy than non-concordant goals

Answer 32

Generate more motivational energy than non-concordant goals.

Question 33

A law student is looking for post-graduation employment. Determine whether each of the reasons for wanting a job (listed below) are due to the presence of extrinsic or intrinsic goals.

1) To prove to other people that they were able to succeed in law school.
2) To earn enough money to be financially stable.
3) To use their skillset to help people have better experiences in the legal system.

Answer 33

1) Extrinsic, 2) Extrinsic, 3) Intrinsic.