Introduction to Ideologies

Question 1

what is collectivism

Answer 1

places the needs of the collective, or group, before any individual member of the group.

Question 2

what is individualism

Answer 2

value the individual over a whole group

Question 3

what is the ‘grey’ area

Answer 3

when you share both collectivist and individualistic viewpoints, see both sides of an issue

Question 4

what are factors that influence beliefs and values (7)

Answer 4

culture, language, religion and spirituality, environment and relationship to the land, gender, media, ideology

Question 5

Who were the famous five?

Answer 5

when emily murphy was appointed a judge, but challenged by male lawyers, her and 4 women came to enforce women’s rights.

Question 6

Who were the Kuwaiti women

Answer 6

voted alongside men for the first time to elect a new parliament in 2006

Question 7

what are the themes of ideology? (4)

Answer 7

nation, religion, class, relationship to the land and envrionment

Question 8

what are characteristics about ideology? (4)

Answer 8

interpretation of history, beliefs about human nature, beliefs about society, visions for the future

Question 9

who was Thomas Hobbes

Answer 9

-English philosopher
- believed human nature is negative, is dangerous to allow humans freedom to do what they want
- need dictator, not possible to have freedom and security
indiviudalist

Question 10

who was John Locke?

Answer 10

-English philosopher
- believed people are rational and intelligent
- government exists to protect life, liberty, and property
- actions have to be approved by popular consent, believed in democracy

Question 11

Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 11

-philosopher
- believed people are good, btu corrupted by society
- strip humans of all negative influence
- people were absolute authority, people should be free

Question 12

what are economic structures?

Answer 12

system or approach for making a decision, e.g. capitalism/private or public hospitals

Question 13

what are informal social structures?

Answer 13

unwritten rules understood by people, e.g. respect for elders, manners

Question 14

what are political structures?

Answer 14

political system or approach for a particular country or society, e.g. dictatorship or democracy

Question 15

what is liberalism

Answer 15

importance of individual liberty, individual rights and freedoms

Question 16

what is a liberal democracy

Answer 16

form of government in which freedoms and rights are guaranteed

Question 17

what are some political roots of liberalism?

Answer 17

• american revolution, declaration of independence
• french revolution: tried to abolish classes , declaration of rights of man

Question 18

what is the rule of law?

Answer 18

idea that the law, and not individuals, has the greatest power, all individuals are subject to the law

Question 19

what is a social contract?

Answer 19

each individual of a society agrees to be governed so that they may gain the benefits living in that society

Question 20

what are some economic roots of liberalism?

Answer 20

-mercantilism didn’t benefit working class
-free market economy proposed in wealth of nations, people were to act out of self-interest (adam smith)
influenced modern economy

Question 21

what are some values of individualism?

Answer 21

economic freedom, self-interest, competition, private property

Question 22

what is a collective

Answer 22

group of any size

Question 23

what is collectivism

Answer 23

emphasizes the role of human interdependence in society; idea that individuals do not live their lives in isolation but rather depend on each other

Question 24

what is common good

Answer 24

focus on the needs of the community rather than individual alone

Question 25

what is collective interest

Answer 25

goal or ideal that all members of a group pursue that benefits the group as a whole

Question 26

what is collective responsiblity

Answer 26

group’s responsibility for the actions of all its individuals, notion that individuals have a responsibility to the group rather than themselves

Question 27

what is crown land?

Answer 27

government owned large areas of land, can be rented or leased back to citizens to benefit them economically

Question 28

what are crown corporations?

Answer 28

formed to serve common good, include schools, hospitals, roads

Question 29

what is privatization?

Answer 29

transfer of property or resources from public or government control to private control

Question 30

what is a co-operative?

Answer 30

enterprise that is owned and operated by a group of people for their mutual benefit, e.g. daycare

Question 31

what is adherence to collective norms

Answer 31

way to examine to what extent individuals are adopting a similar collective behaviour, value system, and overall attitude.

Question 32

what is communism?

Answer 32

aims to bring equality for all workers by abolishing capitalist system, public ownership, everyone works together, left wing, collectivist

Question 33

what is socialism?

Answer 33

aims to promote the good of society by combining free enterprise with government intervention. left wing, but believe communism involves too much government, people should be able to benefit from their work

Question 34

what is liberalism

Answer 34

attempt to balance free enterprise with collectivist programs, government intervention acceptable to manage economy, middle on spectrum

Question 35

what is conservatism?

Answer 35

market should essentially be free from government, some regulation acceptable if they serve public interest, right wing, but not as right as classical liberalism

Question 36

what is classical liberalism?

Answer 36

any government intervention is disruptive to the economy, free-market system, people will work to pursue self-interest, complete right wing

Question 37

who was Karl Marx?

Answer 37

• philosopher
  -wrote communist manifesto, proposed communism over capitalism, classless society where everyone worked together, one of the most influencer figures during classical liberalism.

Question 38

what is fascism

Answer 38

collectivist ideology, citizen obedience towards dictator government, maintains free enterprise and private business, highly militaristic, unquestioned allegiance to leader

Question 39

what is a centrally planned economy?

Answer 39

price, allocation, and distribution of products, services, and goods are determined by the government