conflicts of ideology

Question 1

who were the superpowers? why were they called that

Answer 1

-Soviet Union and United States
- after second world war, had gained signifcant power

Question 2

what was the yalta conference

Answer 2

• big three met at conference, planned to end war and meet about postwar europe
• sense of shared victory gave hope cooperation was possible
• by end, showed clear differences between wesetern leaders and soviet union

Question 3

who were the big three

Answer 3

• wiston churchill, franklin roosevelt, joseph stalin

Question 4

what agreements were made at yalta conference

Answer 4

• dividing germany into four zones of occupation
• having free elections in newly liberated countries of europe

Question 5

what was the postdam conference

Answer 5

-atlee and truman were newly elected, had strong values of anti-communism
- soviet union was establising communist friendly governments, did not want to give up territory
- seen as beginning of cold war
-showed clear differences

Question 6

what is a sphere of influence

Answer 6

countries that would be politically influenced by other countries

Question 7

what was expansionism

Answer 7

• soviet union expansion to european countries
• way to get ‘command of world economy’

Question 8

how did stalin justify expansionism

Answer 8

-wanted to keep germany divided, previous unification had invaded soviet union
- wanted to maintain/expand soviet infleunce to surrounding countries for safety

Question 9

what is a hot war

Answer 9

direct armed conflic

Question 10

whwat is containment

Answer 10

trumans desire to contain the spead of communism, fought through other methods

Question 11

what was the truman doctrine

Answer 11

• truman developed foreign policy
• 400 million aid to germany and turkey in defeating communism
• later expanded to countries us felt threatened by

Question 12

what was the marshall plan? how did the Soviet Union Respond

Answer 12

• george marshall, 13 billion in aid
• offered to all countries of europe, prevent communism
• when asked to attend conference, USSR foreign minster ordered leaders not to attend
• created soviet alternative: molotov plan, rebuild countries that were aligned with Soviet Union

Question 13

what is NATO, why was it created? how did soviet union respond

Answer 13

-north atlantic treaty organization
- countries would assist one another if attacked by soviet union, alliance
-established collective security
- USSR created warsaw pact, seen as response to west germany joining NATO

Question 14

what is a war of words

Answer 14

battle between politicians, treated one another with great disrepsect, actions such as threat and name calling, increased tensions

Question 15

what is a prestige war

Answer 15

wars of acheivements, goverment believes and present achievement of being first, best, or winner in non-military competition
-proof one is better than other

Question 16

what is espionage

Answer 16

spying on other countries to find hiddden information

Question 17

what is deterrence

Answer 17

belief that when both superpower posses enough nuclear wearheads, they will be deterred from staring a war because it is not desirable or winnable, MAD (mutually assured destruction)

Question 18

what is brinkmanship

Answer 18

pushing a dangerous conflucct to the tipping point, depend on opposition giving in

Question 19

what was the cuban missile crisis?

Answer 19

• United states refused to send Cuba money or buy sugar
  -socialist or communist government was a threat, too close to borders
• Soviet union stepped into their place
• CIA trained cuban exiles to invade cuba, overthrow castro
  “bay of pigs”: invaded on shore, without help were killed or prisoned
• later learned cuba had missiles sent by USSR, had capacity to destory cities
• kennedy ordred naval blockade, ships drew near, tensions increased
  -eventually negotiated, superpowers avoided war

Question 20

what was negotiated during Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 20

• soviet union would remove missiles from Cuba
• United states promised not to invade Cuba, withdraw missiles from turkey

Question 21

what is a proxy war

Answer 21

war that results when two countries use third parties or countires as an alternative to fighting eachother directly

Question 22

what was the korean war

Answer 22

• soviet union and united states agreed to split korea at 38th parallel
• free elections supposed to be held, but USSR did not let them take place in the north
• when soviet union and US left korea, leader of north korea felt needed to be unified, attacked south
• soviet union supplied north, while united states and UN supported south
• pushed back, but conitnued further, china felt threatened
• war ended with ceasefire agreement

Question 23

what was the vietnam war

Answer 23

• conference held to solve problems left in vietnam from second world war
• free elections were to take place, but never happened
  -US supported south government, sent advisors and weapons
• north received weapons from soviet union and china, took control of all of vietnam
  -resulted in single-party communist country

Question 24

what was the soviet war in Afghanistan

Answer 24

-invaded in order to gain neighbour, supported pro-soviet regime
- american governmnet supported resistance fighters, now had lots of weapons
- was too difficult, soviet retreated, but left afghanistan with weakened government and well-armed military

Question 25

what was the Bandung Conference

Answer 25

• meeting of african and asian states
• promote economic and cultural co-operation, oppose influence from US or Soviet Union
• began movement known as non-alignment
• countries chose not to side with the US or Soviet Union

Question 26

what was the ping-pong diplomacy

Answer 26

• bring greater understanding between western and China
• ping-pong teams played one another, establish relations
  -successful, Richard Nixon became first president to visit communist china

Question 27

what was the hungarian revolution

Answer 27

-began as student demonstration in budapest, security shot, broke out in protests
- new government formed, declared out of warsaw pact
- soviet troops invaded hungary, created new government and destroyed all opposition

Question 28

what was prague spring

Answer 28

-political liberation in czechoslovakia
- government reformist alexander dubcek came to power, created liberal reforms
- continued until soviet union and allies invaded, stopped reform and were reversed

Question 29

what was solidarity in poland

Answer 29

• lech walsea formed solidarity, powerful anti-communist movement
• soviet tried to destroy, but too strong, ended in negotionation
• led to semi-free elections

Question 30

what was the berlin wall liberation

Answer 30

• wall was built by east germany to prevent people from espcaing to west germany
• cultural and physical iron curtain
• wave a pro-democracy, communist leaders forced out of power, borders were opened
• often a signifier of the end of the cold war (not officially)
• caused USSR government to collapse

Question 31

who was Nikita Khrushchev, what did he believe

Answer 31

• power after Stalin died
• believed United States and Soviet Union could coexist
• created period of reducing tensions

Question 32

what was detente

Answer 32

-period of reducing tensions, means relaxed
- methods such as peace treaties and reduction in arms to reduce cold war tensions
willingness to promote positive relations

Question 33

what was SALT I

Answer 33

• strategic arms limitation treaty,
  -limited anti-ballistic missiles, froe number of US intercontinental missiles
  -1972