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Bisc 414 > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Hematopoietin Family

A

Receptor Features: comprised of 1 to 3 subunits
- Subunit expression used to regulate activity

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2
Q

IL-2 Receptor Subuinits (g-sharing)

A
  1. a-subunit
    • confers ligand specificity; NO transduction
  2. bg-subunit
    • weak binding/ signal transduction
  3. abg-subunit
    • physiologically active
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3
Q

a-subunit

A

Expressed in activated T-Cells; expressed in activated B-Cells

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4
Q

b-chain bearing

A

Low-affinity receptors: NO signal transduction (HSC)
- IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF
High-affinity receptors: YES signal transduction (Myeloid Precursor)
- B-subunit

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5
Q

Interferon Family

A

Interferes with viral growth; inhibits proliferation and survival of viruses

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6
Q

Interferon-a (Made by multiple cell types)

A
  1. Induces ribonucleases (degrades RNA)
  2. Inhibits protein synthesis (translation)
  3. Destroys virally infected cells
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7
Q

Interferon-b (made by activated mac/DC and virus-infected cells)

A
  1. Induces ribonucleases
  2. Inhibits protein synthesis
  3. Destorys virally-infected cells
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8
Q

Interferon-g (made by NK cells and activated T-Cells)

A
  1. Drives TH to TH1 (TC development_
  2. Activates Macs
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9
Q

Interferon-l

A

Upregulate anti-viral genes

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10
Q

Protein Kinase R

A
  1. Activated by dsRNA
  2. Phosphorylates eIF2a (phosphorylation elongation)
  3. Blocks initiation of translation
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11
Q

2’,5’-oligoA Synthetase

A
  1. Activated by dsRNA
  2. Activates latent ribonucleases
  3. Degrades viral mRNA
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12
Q

Mx Proteins

A
  1. Inhibits viral transcription
  2. Detect nucleocapsid proteins
  3. Prevents virus assembly
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13
Q

Tumor Necrosis Factor Family

A

Not mainly about tumor necrosis
1. Regulates development and homeostasis
2. Signaling in a variety of tissues

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14
Q

Tumor Necrosis Factor Family (TNF)

A
  1. Can be soluble or membrane-bound
  2. Receptors assemble into trimers
    -homotrimers
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15
Q

TNF-a

A

Macrophage
1. Pro-inflammatory
2. Anti-tumor (apoptosis)
3. Pro-survival

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16
Q

Lymphotoxin-a

A

Lymphocytes
1. Immune activation
2. MHC expression
3. Increased adhesion

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17
Q

Lymphotoxin-b

A

Lymphocyte differentiation

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18
Q

BAFF

A

B-Cell development and homeostasis

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19
Q

APRIL

A

B-Cell development and homeostasis

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20
Q

CD40L

A

T-Cell Surface
1. B-Cell differentiation

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21
Q

FasL (CD95L)

A

TC Cell
1. Induces apoptosis

22
Q

Signaling

A
  1. TNFs can be soluble or membrane-bound
  2. TACE can liberate soluble TNFa
23
Q

Signaling

A
  1. TNFa can bind to TNFR1 or TNFR2
24
Q

Caspases

A

Apoptosis

25
Q

Kinases

A

Cell activation/ proliferation

26
Q

TNF Binding

A

Induces receptor trimerization

27
Q

Receptor Trimer

A

Alters binding within the cytoplasmic domain

28
Q

TNF-R1

A
  1. Binds both TNF-a and TNF-b
  2. Has a cytoplasmic death domain
  3. Binding either promotes apoptosis or survival
29
Q

HeLa Cells

A
  1. Expresses Fas on their plasma membrane
  2. Treated with FasL
  3. Cells undergo apoptosis
30
Q

HeLa Cells (2)

A
  1. Nuclear Condensation
  2. Cell Rounding
  3. Membrane Blebbing
    • packets of cellular material
    • Plasma membrane keeps its integrity
31
Q

FasL-induced Apoptotic Pathway

A
  1. FasL binding trimerizes Fas receptors
  2. Cytoplasmic death domains organize
  3. Trimerized death domains bind FADD
  4. DED on FADD binds to pro-capase-8
32
Q

FasL-induced Apoptotic Pathway (2)

A
  1. Pro-caspase-8 clustering cleaves/ activates capase-8
  2. Caspase-8 initates the apoptotic cascade
33
Q

Interleukin-17 Family

A
  1. Functions primarily as homodimers
  2. Associated with innate/inflammatory responses
33
Q

Interleukin-17 Family

A
  1. Functions primarily as homodimers
  2. Associated with innate/inflammatory responses
  3. Secreted by TH17 cells
  4. Interface between innate and adaptive immune systems
34
Q

IL-17

A

Directs TH17 cell development

35
Q

IL-17A

A

TH17 and NK Cells
1. Pro-inflammatory cytokine release

36
Q

Chemokine Family

A
  1. signal through G-Protein Coupled Receptors
  2. Induce chemotaxis by establishing a concentration gradient
37
Q

CXCL

A

CXCR

38
Q

CCL

A

CCR

39
Q

XCL OR (CL)

A

XCR OR CR

40
Q

CX3CL

A

CX3CR

41
Q

Rho- family of small GTPases

A
  1. Directs the actin cytoskeleton
  2. Pivotal in cell motility
42
Q

Activated Rac

A

Lamellipodia Formation
- Protrusive;
- Membrane Periphery
- Orthogonal Arrays

43
Q

Activated Cdc42

A

Filopodia Formation
- Protrusive
- Membrane Periphery
- Bundled Filaments

44
Q

Activated Rho

A

Stress Fiber Formation
- Contractive
- Cell Interior
- Bundled Filaments

45
Q

Interleukin-1 Family

A
  1. Early Inflammatory Response
  2. Decoy Receptors: Inhibits IL-1 signal
46
Q

Hematopoietin Family (Class I Cytokine)

A
  1. Hematopoietic Development
  2. B- and T- Cell Differentiation
  3. Receptor subunit expression
47
Q

Interferon Family (Class II Cytokine)

A

Anti-viral Response

48
Q

Tumor Necrosis Factor Family

A
  1. Receptor trimerization
  2. Apoptosis (or survival)
49
Q

Interleukin-17 Family

A

TH17 signaling for an inflammatory response

50
Q

Chemokines

A
  1. Extravasation
  2. Cell Migration

Bisc 414 (21 decks)

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