Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CVSOH BVSc4 > Exotics - rabbits > Flashcards

Exotics - rabbits Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main aetiologies of rabbit dental disease?

A

Inadequate attrition - not getting worn down
Metabolic bone disease - jaw bone weakened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the correct diet for rabbits?

A

Lots of grass/hay
Some green leafy vegetation
Tiny amount of pellets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What indicates dental disease in rabbits on distant exam?

A

Epiphora - presence or absence
Obvious incisor elongation
Grossly evident abscessation
drooling
Eye globe position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What teeth are continuously growing in rabbits, hystricomorphs, scuriomorphs and rodents?

A

Rabbits - all
Chinchillas and cavies - all
Squirrels, chipmunks - only incisors
Rodents - only incisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do chincilla/cavies incisors look like?

A

Lower incisors longer than upper incisors
Slightly orange in chincillas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you do a concious intraoral examination on rodents/rabbits?

A

Otoscope - plastic cone
Little finger in diastema to palpate spurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do you examine intraorally under anaesthesia?

A

Head clamp/nurse positioning
Endoscopy
Radiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you treat rodent/rabbit incisor overgrowth?

A

Regular trimming with dental burr
Removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When do you remove incisors in rabbits?

A

When the teeth are never going to meet so arent functional and will just have to keep clipping them for the rest of the rabbits life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name for dental problems causing blockage of the nasolacrimal duct?

A

Dacryocystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the essentials of cheek tooth treatment?

A

Take teeth out of traumatic occlusion with soft tissues
Allow normal anatomical closure of mouth
Remove loose/abscessated teeth
Will never restore normal anatomy though - jaw changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you know how much of the cheek teeth to trim?

A

Image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When can you clip cheek teeth?

A

For removal of angled small spurs going into tongue ONLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the issues with filing cheek teeth in rabbits?

A

Never do it - slow, jarring, inefficient method
Massive risk of hitting vessel at angle of jaw - fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the method of choice for crown reduction and shaping of cheek teeth in rabbits?

A

Burring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you treat rodent teeth overgrowth?

A

Trim - only incisors grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In rabbits and chinchillas which is wider - maxilla or mandible?

A

Chinchillas - mandible is wider than the maxilla
Rabbits - maxilla is wider than the mandible
But both dont bring both sides into occlusion at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do chinchilla cheek teeth tend to overgrow?

A

Grow very long before getting noticed - grow forward into the diastema so dont hit anything for a while
Dont tend to form spurs which affect the tongue
Stab into buccal mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the main GI diseases that rabbits get?

A

Hypomotility disorders - cant vomit
Hypermotility disorders and caecotrophs - diarrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do rabbits normally eat?

A

Lots of low nutritional value food (grass) continuously over long periods of time
Caecotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the purpose of indigestible ‘long’ fibre in rabbit diets?

A

Dental attrition
Gut motility stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the purpose of digestible ‘short’ fibre in rabbit diets?

A

Substrate for caecal fermentation (caecotroph formation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the two phases of rabbit caecum motility?

A

1 - just gets rid of long fibre
2 - Soft faecal component phase - short fibre ferments to get extra nutrition out of grass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are caecotrophs? How do they work?

A

Full of bacteria and covered in mucous
Carry on fermenting until stomach acids digest them, kill bacteria and absorb the nutrients that are left in SI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does a high carb diet cause in rabbits?

A

Change in caecal flora/caecal pH
GI stasis, enteritis, caecotrophs not being eaten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the 5 causes of gut stasis?

A

Pain
Stress
Dehydration
Obesity
Abdominal lesions/obstruction/adhesion/neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are two common causes of pain causing gut stasis?

A

Pain following surgery - pre-emptive analgesia needed
Urological pain - uroliths, sludgy urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How do you tell it is obstructive and non GI stasis in rabbits?

A

Obstructive - sudden onset, moderate to severe depression
Marked abdominal pain
Hunched
Shock/dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does obstructive gut stasis in rabbits look like on radiograph?

A

Gas proximal to site of obstruction
Bubbles of gas rather than halo in stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the signs of non-obstructive GI stasis in rabbits?

A

Slow insidious onset
Gradual decrease in size of faecal pellets
Craving high fibre items
Normal hydration to moderate dehydration
Normal demeanor progressing to depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is seen on radiograph in rabbits with non obstructive gut stasis/ilius?

A

Impacted material in stomach/caecum
Halo of gas around them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How does duration of ileus affect prognosis in rabbits?

A

Longer the rabbit is not eating, the more dehydrated and impacted
Permanent and irreversible ileus can develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What can cause impaction in the caecum of rabbits?

A

Cat litter as bedding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the most important finding on biochem/haem of ileus in rabbits?

A

Gradual increase in blood glucose indicates blockage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How do you treat obstructive ileus in rabbits?

A

Aggressive fluid therapy
Analgesia
Surgery - ex lap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are some common sites of GI obstruction in rabbits?

A

Ileocaecal valve
Sacculus rotundus
Pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are some common GI FBs in rabbits?

A

Locust bean pods
Fur mats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How do you treat non obstructive ileus in rabbits?

A

Abdominal massage
Exercise
Probiotics
GI prokinetics - ranitidine, metoclopramide
Laxative s
Enema
Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

How can you encourage feeding in rabbits?

A

Direct feeding by mouth
Naso-gastric tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How quick can you make a rabbit lose weight?

A

No more than 1.5% bodyweight per week - go into ketotic crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is a big cause of shock in rabbits?

A

Diarrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What can cause diarrhoea in rabbits?

A

Dietary upset
Bacterial overgrowth
Viral infection - rota, coronavirus
Coccidiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is massive dietary change likely to cause in rabbits?

A

Change in caecotroph nature
May cause diarrhoea also

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What can cause bacterial overgrowth in rabbits?

A

Poor diet
Antibiotic use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What causes hair loss in rabbits?

A

Normal moulting - twice a year, from head and proceeding caudally
Females have dewlap - pull fur out to line nest when pregnant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What causes dermatological disease in guinea pigs?

A

Vitamin C deficiency - cant synthesise so need to get from the diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How do guinea pigs maintain their fur?

A

Scent/grease gland over rump - greasy fur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

How do chinchillas maintain their very dense fur?

A

Must have daily sand bath
Avoid humidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is a defence mechanism that chinchillas use?

A

Fur-slip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What are common rabbit derm conditions?

A

Cheyletiella mites
Fly strike
Pododermatitis
Pasteurellosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What are common guinea pig derm conditions?

A

Sarcoptic mange
Dermatophytosis (ringworm)
Cystic ovarian disease
Vitamin C deficiency

52
Q

What is the most common ectoparasite seen in rabbits?

A

Cheyletiella parasitovorax mites - causes scurfy skin (white flakes in fur), scaling, hair loss

53
Q

What type of rabbits are cheyletiella mites most common in?

A

Immunocompromised rabbits
Not grooming

54
Q

How do you treat cheyletiella in rabbits?

A

Ivermectin

55
Q

What is the ear mite found in rabbits?

A

Psoroptes cuniculi - very pruritic

56
Q

How are psoroptes cuniculi mites spread?

A

Direct contact
Survive 3 weeks in the environment

57
Q

How do you treat psoroptes cuniculi ear mite in rabbits?

A

Ivermectin
Analgesia
Dont pull crusting off - very painful

58
Q

What is the main ectoparasite in guinea pigs?

A

Trixacarus caviae - sarcoptic mite

59
Q

What mites are zoonotic to humans in rabbits/hystricomorphs/rodents?

A

Cheyletiella - rabbits
Trixacarus caviae - sarcoptic mite in guinea pigs

60
Q

What is a vector for myxomatosis?

A

European rabbit flea

61
Q

What fleas do rabbits get?

A

Ctenocephalides felis - cat flea
Spillopsyllus cuniculi - european house flea

62
Q

How do you treat rabbit fleas?

A

Imidacloprid, permethrin
NOT fipronil (frontline) - will kill them

63
Q

What causes fly strike in rabbits?

A

Perineal faecal soiling
Urine soiling/scald
Dental disease, obesity, low fibre diet - cant clean
Attract flies - lucilia (greenbottle)
eggs hatch and L2 larvae digest tissue

64
Q

How do you treat shock from myiasis (fly strike)?

A

Fluids, analgesia, antibiotics
Feeding
Sedation, clip and clean
Ivermectin
Euthanase in severe cases

65
Q

What is pododermatitis?

A

Bacterial skin disease (staph, strep) on feet of rabbits, G pigs causing chronic ulcerative state

66
Q

What are the predisposing factors for pododermatitis?

A

Obesity
Vit C deficiency
Rough flooring
Wet/soiled bedding

67
Q

How do you treat pododermatitis in rabbits/G pigs?

A

Address husbandry
Antibiotics
Analgesia
Surgical debridement
Bandages

68
Q

What can chronic infection such a pododermatitis cause in G pigs?

A

Amyloidosis

69
Q

What causes ulcers and crusts around the mouth/philtrum of guinea pigs?

A

Cheilitis
Predisposed by Vit C deficiency, poxvirus

70
Q

What is rabbit syphilis called?

A

Treponema cuniculi

71
Q

How is rabbit syphilis (treponema) spread?

A

By direct/venereal contact
Commonly in young rabbits

72
Q

What are the clinical signs of rabbit syphilis (treponema)?

A

Reddness, oedema, ulcers, scabs in perineal/genital areas, lips and eyelids

73
Q

How is rabbit syphilis (treponema) treated?

A

Penicillin

74
Q

What is the equivalent of strangyles in guinea pigs?

A

Cervical lymphadenitis - strep zooepidemicus
Commensal in oropharynx - gains access to cervical lymph nodes due to abrasions in oral mucosa and causes abscesses

75
Q

WHat is moist dermatitis in rabbits?

A

Chronic salivation from dental disease causing secondary infection of dewlap with pseudomonas - blue fur disease

76
Q

What is dermatophytosis?

A

Ringworm

77
Q

What species/age is dermatophytosis common in?

A

G pigs and chinchillas
Young animals
Immunosuppression, stress

78
Q

Where is dermatophytosis found most commonly in G pigs and chinchillas?

A

Head/face

79
Q

How do you treat dermatophytosis?

A

Itraconazole

80
Q

What is myxomatosis? What does it cause?

A

Pox virus transmitted by arthropod vectors or direct contact
Causes facial and perineal skin lesions - thickened eyelids, conjunctivitis, anorexia, mucopurulent oculonasal discharge]
Death within 14 days

81
Q

How do you treat myxomatosis?

A

Prevention - vaccination (nobivac myxo annual)
Vector control

82
Q

What is atypical myxomatosis?

A

Benign fibromatous swellings

83
Q

What are the signs of hypovitaminosis C (scurvy) in G pigs?

A

Rough hair coat
Scaling of ears
Poor wound healing
Secondary bacterial skin infectoins

84
Q

How do you treat hypovitaminosis C in g pigs?

A

Correct diet
Supplement - degrades quickly so give in food, vegetables, add to drinking water (cant overdose)

85
Q

What is a common endocrine disease in guinea pigs?

A

Cystic ovarian syndrome

86
Q

What are the signs of cystic ovarian syndrome in guinea pigs?

A

Non-pruritic symmetrical alopecia over dorsum and flanks
Abdominal distention
More dominant

87
Q

How do you treat cystic ovarian disease in g pigs?

A

Ovariohysterectomy

88
Q

What are other causes of symmetrical non-pruritic flank alopecia in g pigs?

A

Late pregnancy - resolves after parturition

89
Q

What benign neoplasm do guinea pigs get on their dorsum - central pore with discharge?

A

Trichofolliculomas

90
Q

What non neoplastic mass do g pigs tend to get?

A

Sebaceous cysts - blocked sebaceous gland in skin

91
Q

What is a normal rabbit resp rate?

A

30-60bpm

92
Q

What is a very common cause of respiratory infection in rabbits?

A

Pasteurella multocida - URT bacterial infection

93
Q

What is pasteurellosis related to in rabbits?

A

Stress related - overcrowding, aggression, concurrent disease

94
Q

What are the 4 manifestations of pasteurella in rabbits?

A

Upper resp tract disease
Otitis media/interna
Pneumonia
Abscesses in lungs/thorax

95
Q

How do you diagnose pasteurellosis?

A

Deep swabs from nares
Radiography
Usually just treat on suspicion

96
Q

How do you treat pasteurellosis in rabbits?

A

Difficult - 2-3 months of antibiotics by culture and sensitivity given by nebulisation
Supportive care - NSAIDs, oxygen

97
Q

What is a common cause of respiratory disease in guinea pigs?

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

98
Q

What are the clinical signs of bordertella in g pigs?

A

Anorexia
Oculonasal discharge
Dyspnoea
Abortion
Pneumonia
Death

99
Q

What is the treatment/prognosis of bordertella in guinea pigs?

A

Antibiotics, nebulisation, supportive care
Guarded prognosis

100
Q

What are the 3 bacteria causing resp disease in guinea pigs?

A

Bordertella bronchiseptica
Strep pneumoniae
Chlamydophila caviae

101
Q

What can cause viral respiratory disease in rabbits?

A

Myxomatosis
Viral haemorrhagic disease - calicivirus

102
Q

What can cause non-infectious resp disease in rabbits?

A

Neoplasia
Allergic/irritant rhinitis/bronchitis

103
Q

What does high blood glucose suggest in a rabbit?

A

Exceeded renal threshold due to stress/pain

104
Q

What is sludge in a rabbits bladder? What is it due to?

A

Calcium carbonate - irritant
Low water intake - low fibre levels

105
Q

What do sludgy bladders cause?

A

Urinary overflow incontinence - sludge fills up bladder so there is less space for fluid
Scald - leads to flystrike

106
Q

How do you treat sludge bladder in rabbits?

A

Increase water intake - high fibre, soak hay, ad lib water
Encourage emptying of bladder - large cage to allow posturing, good access to litter areas, exercise

107
Q

What small animal tends to get urolithiasis?

A

Guinea pigs

108
Q

What is the most common neoplasia in a rabbit?

A

Uterine adenocarcinoma - neuter them

109
Q

What animal do you do a vasectomy in?

A

Ferrets

110
Q

What are the indications for neutering rabbits?

A

Population control
Behaviour modification - territorial aggression in does
Disease prevention - uterine adenocarcinoma

111
Q

How do you bring female ferrets out of oestrus?

A

Mate with a vasectomised ‘hobble’

112
Q

When is it easiest to vasectomise a ferret?

A

In early summer - much thinner so less fat

113
Q

What type of castration is best to do in which age of rabbit?

A

Open - older
Closed - younger

114
Q

When is it best to do a ovarohysterectomy in rabbits?

A

Between 5-7 months - less developed, less fat

115
Q

Why is rodent castration difficult?

A

Permanently open inguinal rings, large testes

116
Q

How do you spay rodents?

A

Ovariectomy
Dont have to worry about uterine neoplasia like in rabbits

117
Q

What is the most commonly used induction agent in rabbits?

A

Med/ket/butorphanol (DKT)
IM - short procedures
IV - long procedures

118
Q

What are the risks of intubation of rabbits?

A

Can traumatise larynx
Can push food into larync
Overinflation injuries possible
Difficult to visualise

119
Q

What are the different intubation methods in rabbits?

A

Blind intubation
Otoscope +/- stylet
Flecknell laryngoscope
V-gel

120
Q

What reflexes can you use to monitor anaesthetic?

A

Not eye reflexes - abolished with DKT
Jaw movements - light
Hindfeet withdrawal - abolished first, then fore as deepens

121
Q

How do you minimise stress in the vets for rabbits?

A

Avoid noise, smell of predators
Provide food, hay
Provided bonded pair rabbit
Relieve/avoid pain

122
Q

How do you give perioperative fluids?

A

IV - in ear vein, not too big cannula

123
Q

What is a common consequence of abdominal surgery in rabbits?

A

Adhesions

124
Q

What is the best way of stabilising a rabbit leg fracture?

A

External fixation

125
Q

What pathogen causes neuro problems eg. head tilt and hindlimb paralysis?

A

Encephalitozoon cuniculi (E. cuniculi)

126
Q

How do you treat E. cuniculi?

A

Fenbendazole

CVSOH BVSc4 (86 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions