Eating Disorders - Chapter 9 Content Flashcards
What are the 2 types of eating disorders?
Bulimia nervosa: excessive eating and binge episodes with vomiting, and purging
Anorexia nervosa: eating minimal amounts of food and body weight can drop drastically
Define Bulima nervosa.
Eating a large amount of food, normally junk food, more than the average person would. In their attempt to compensate for binge eating, they practise purging techniques such as self-induced vomiting and excessive use of laxatives. Or they can have non-purging behaviours such as fasting or excessive exercise.
Criteria for Bulimia nervosa from DSM-5.
A. recurrent episodes of binge eating
B. Inappropriate compensatory behaviours in order to prevent weight gain (vomit, fasting, exercising)
C. lasts at least once a week for 3 month
D. self-evaluation unduly Influced by body weight and shape
What are some possible medical consequences of bulimia nervosa?
- salivary gland elargement
- cause cahnges to dental enamel
change chemical balance of bodily fluid from excessive vomiting (electrolyte imbalance)
What are the other disorders that can coexist with bulimia?
Anxiety and mood disorders and borderline personality disorder
Define anorexia nervosa.
Intense fear of obesity and relentlessly pursue thinness which causes to decrease dramatically in body weight. Can either be a resticing type, where they limit their caloric intact or they can be the puring/binge type, where they rely on purging with smaller amounts of food in their system.
DSM-5 criteria for anorexia.
A. restriction of energy intake relative to requirements leading to low body weight.
B. intense fear of becoming fat/obese
C. disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is based or self-evaluation or denial of seriousness about body weight
Has to last at least 3 month and can have either the restricting type or the binge-purge type
What are some medical consequences of anorexia?
Menstruation stopping, sensitivity to cold temperatures
Define beige eating disorder (BED).
A pattern of eating involving distress-inducing binges not followed by purging behaviours.
DSM-5 criteria for BED.
A. recurrent episode of binge eating (eating more than normally, quickly, when not hungry, embarrassed, guilty)
B. Lack of control
C. Markerd Distress
D. no recurrent inappropriate actions to compensation such as vomiting or excessive exercise
What are the social causes of these eating disorders?
- media
- dieting
- today’s standards on women
- body image
- culture pressures
- athletics
What are the biological causes of eating disorders?
- genetic component (twin studies show that if one has it, the second twin is very likely as well)
- predisposition in genes (if it runs in the family)
- Personality vulnerability (anxiety, emotional instability, poor impulse control)
- Serotonin (helps to feel satisfied after eating)
-Dieting (ice cream example, how some people when going on a dieting will not continue just cause, then a small percent will feel the need to binge and a very small amount will feel better from dieting and want to keep do this but develop anorexia)
What are the psychological causes of eating disorders?
- a diminished sense of personal control and confidence
- perfectionist (if dissatisfied with body)
- difficulty tolerating negative emotions
Drug treatment for an eating disorder.
- drugs can be useful with bulimia especially during purging/beinging cycles
- antidepressants used for mood and anxiety disorders
Psychosocial treatment for eating disorders.
taking the 2 step approach of looking at procedures intended to improve outcomes and noting common concerns with body shape and weight that are at the core of all eating disorders.
Bulimia: CBT-E, understanding the consequences of binging and purging, scheduled eating, focusing on thoughts and feeling
BED: self-help procedures, CBT as a guided self-help
Anorexia: they are brought up to weight in a hospital setting until reached average weight, focusing on the anxiety around their fear of being fat, CBT-E, family therapy,
