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CHEMISTRY > ATOMIC STRUCTURE/AOS > Flashcards

ATOMIC STRUCTURE/AOS Flashcards

1
Q

What was Niels Bohr’s model & discovery?

A

Model: where electrons exist in shells or orbits of fixed energy
Discovered: When electrons move between shells, electromagnetic radiation (with fixed energy or frequency) is emitted/absorbed

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2
Q

protons charge and mass

A

mass: 1
charge: +1

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3
Q

Neutrons charge and mass

A

mass: 1
Charge: 0

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4
Q

Electrons charge and mass

A

charge: -1
Mass: 1/1840

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5
Q

Iosotopes

A

same No of protons
Different No of neutrons
same e- configuration

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6
Q

1st ionisation energy

A

ENTHALPY CHANGE WHEN ONE MOLE OF e- IS REMOVED FROM ONE MOLE OF GASEOUS ATOMS TO FORM ONE MOLE OF GASEOUS 1+ IONS

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7
Q

trend in ionisation energy along a period?

A

ionisation energy increases

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8
Q

why does ionisation energy increases along a period?

A

atomic radius decreases
increases in charge
outer e- is strongly attracted to nucleus so requires so more energy required to remove outer e-

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9
Q

trend in ionisation energy down a period?

A

ionisation energy decreases

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10
Q

why does ionisation energy decreases down a period?

A

attraction between nucleus and outer e- decreases
more shielding
less energy required to remove outer e-

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11
Q

Trend in ionisation energy across P2? (6 marker)

A

STAGE 1
General increase in IE
same shielding as same number of shells
greater attraction between nucleus and outer e-
STAGE 2
B lower than Be
outer e- in 2P
higher in energy than 2S
STAGE 3
O lower than N
2 e- in 2P needed to be pair
e- pair repulsion

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12
Q

Define Ar

A

Mean mass of an atom of an element /one twelfth of the mean mass of an atom of the carbon 12

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13
Q

Define Mr

A

mean mass of a molecule of a compound/ 1 twelfth of the mean mass of ab atom of the carbon 12

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14
Q

Calculate:
No of particles

A

moles x 6.022x10^23

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15
Q

calculate moles
(2 equations)

A

Mass/ Mr

Con x Vol

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16
Q

percentage yield

A

experimental mass 100 / theoretical mass

17
Q

atom economy

A

Mr of desired product 100/ Mr of reactants

18
Q

empirical formula steps

A

simplest whole number ratio
1. mass/ %
2. / Ar
3. / smallest value
4. ratio

19
Q

steps to make up a standard solution (6marks)

A
  1. weigh sample containing solid on a balance
  2. transfer to beaker and reweigh sample bottle
  3. record difference in mass
  4. add distilled water
  5. still until solid dissolve
  6. transfer to volumetric flask using a funnel
    7 with washing
    8 make up to 250cm3
    9 mix
20
Q

Bohe model 3 mark points

A

Protons and neutrons are found in the center of the atom called nucleous
Protons and neutrons can also be called nucleons
Electrons saurround the nucleous in shells

21
Q

What in atomic number (Z)

A

Number of protons

22
Q

What is mass number (A)

A

Protons + neutrons

23
Q

What is cations and anions

A

Cations- lost electrons ( +ve charge)
Anions- gained electrons ( -ve charge)

24
Q

Write the first and second ionisation evergy for X

A

1st: X(g) ——> X+(g) + e-
2nd: X+(g) ——> X2+(g) + e-

25
Q

What 3 factors influence ionisation energy

A

Nuclear charge
Shielding
Distance from nucleus

26
Q

Electron impact

A

sample vaporaised
High electrons are fired at samo,e by electron gun
Ehich knicks off one electron

27
Q

Equation of electron impact

A

X(g) ——> X+(g) +e-

28
Q

Electrospray ionisation

A

Sample dissolved in a volatile solvent and injected through a hypodermic needle which is attached to the positive terminal of a high-volatge power supply
Particles ionised by gaining a proton

29
Q

Equation of electrospray ionisation

A

X(g) + H+ ——> XH+(g)

30
Q

Why are sample particles ionised in mass spectometry

A

Can be accelerated towards negatively charged plate
So they generate a current then they hit the detector

31
Q

How is the ion accelerated in mass spectometry

A

+ve ions attracted to negatively charged plate
All ions have same Ke

32
Q

How are ions separated in the flight tube?

A

Ions travelling at higher soeeds (small m/z) move ahead of those travelling more slowly

33
Q

How are ions detected

A

Each ions hit detector
Ions gains an electron
Generates a current
Size of current is proportional to the abundance of the ion

34
Q

Why is mass spectometry in a vacuum

A

No Particles being tested colliding with molecules from the air

35
Q

How are ions detected and how is there ambumcane sample

A

Positive ions ganis electron when they arrive to the detector
Generates a current which is proportional to the number of each type of ion

CHEMISTRY (23 decks)

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