DNA/AMINES/POLYMERS/AMINO ACIDS

Question 1

What are the 2 fuctionsl groups of amino acids

Answer 1

NH2 and COOH

Question 2

Are amino acids chiral? Why?

Answer 2

Yes
1 carbon has 4 different groups

Question 3

Synthesis of amino acids

Answer 3

NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION

Question 4

Define addition polymer

Answer 4

Long chain formed from msny monomers and no other product is formed

Question 5

Condensation polymer

Answer 5

2 molecule joined to form a larger one with a small molecule as H2O and HCl being released

Question 6

Uses of terylene

Answer 6

Carpet
Clothing

Question 7

How to make polyesters

Answer 7

Dicarboxylic acid + diold
Diols + dicyl chloride

Question 8

How to make polyamides

Answer 8

Diamine + diclyl chloride
Dicarboxylic acid+ diamines

Question 9

Uses of nylon

Answer 9

Used as fibres in clothing

Question 10

Uses of kevlar

Answer 10

Used in manufucturing body armour & carsh helmets

Question 11

Are addition polymers biodegradable? Why?

Answer 11

Not biodegradable
Have non-polar C-C bonds can’t be hydrolysed

Question 12

Are condensation polymer biodegradable? Why?

Answer 12

Yes
Can be hydrolysed under basic or acidic condition as delta +ve on C of polar bond C-O can be attacked by nucleophile

Question 13

Why does zwitterions formed

Answer 13

[H+]=[OH-]

Question 14

How are tertiary structure held

Answer 14

Held by
hydrogen bond
Ionic bonds
Disulfide bonds (s-s)

Question 15

Why is secondary structure formed

Answer 15

Electron deficient H attracts lone pair on Oxygen

Question 16

Uses of aromatic amines

Answer 16

Used to make dyes , drugs , nylon

Question 17

Uses of wuaternary ammonium

Answer 17

Hair conditioner

Question 18

Nucleophilic susbtitutin

Answer 18

Excess NH3
problems: further substitution

Question 19

Reduction

Answer 19

STEP 1
KCN
AQUEOUS AND EHANOLIC
STEP 2
H2/Ni catalyst
Problems: KCN TOXIC
2 STEPS PROCESS

Question 20

Difference in base strength

Answer 20

Weaker base
Lone pair on N delocalise into pi bond of phenyl group less available to accept proton

Stronger base
Due to positive inductive effect.
Ethyl group releases electron density onto N
Makes lone pair on N more availabel to accept proton

Question 21

Enzymes

Answer 21

Enzymes are proteins with active site that can act as catalyst
Enzymes are stereospecific actuve site that binds to a susbtrate molecule

Question 22

Hydrogen bond between adenine and thymine

Answer 22

2

Question 23

Hydrogen bond between guanine and cytosine

Answer 23

3 hydrogen bonds

Question 24

How do drugs act

Answer 24

Enzyme inhibitor , block active site
Computers used to design drugs

Question 25

Cisolatin formula

Answer 25

[ptCl2(NH3)2]

Question 26

How does cisolatin work

Answer 26

Bind to DNA jn canserous cells and prevents DNA from unwidning

Question 27

Expalin how drugs can have adverse effects

Answer 27

Can bind to healty cells causing unwanted side effects