Questions from immunology overview Flashcards
Which interleukin promotes a common lymphoid progenitor to develop into a NK cell in the bone marrow?
IL-13
Which interleukin promotes a common lymphoid progenitor to develop into a T cell in the bone marrow?
IL-7
What 2 processes do common lymphoid progenitor cells undergo before development into either Naive T or B cells?
1) (random) Antigen receptor VDR rearrangement
2) negative selection (to detect inappropriate self binding –> autoimmunity, to detect for affinity to individual HLA for T cells, can bind but not too strongly)
What is the role of AIRE?
Autoimmune Regulator
Genes which allow the expression of peripheral proteins in the thymus–> developing T cells are exposed and therefore reduces chances of autoimmunity eg small amounts of insulin are made in the thymus!
Where can you find T cells expressing both CD4 and CD8 receptors?
Thymus
Which cells function as antigen presenting cells (APCs)?
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
B cells
What is the role of dendritic cells in the immune system?
Recognise foreign antigen Phagocytose Break down into peptides Travel to lymphoid tissue to present peptide on MHC Also up regulate costimulatory molecules
What costimulatory mechanism is important for CD4 T cell interactivation with APC ( acting with the TCR - MHC Class II interaction )?
CD 28 on the T cell with B 7 on the APC
Which interleukin (secreted by activated T cells) promotes T cell proliferation?
IL-2
Which cytokines promote the development of Th17 cells?
TGF beta
IL-6
IL-1
Which cytokines promote the development of Th2 cells?
IL-4
Which cytokines promote the development of Th1 cells?
IL-12
Which cytokines promote the development of Treg cells?
TGF beta
IL-10
What costimulatory mechanism is important for CD4 T cell interactivation with B cell ( acting with the TCR - MHC Class II interaction )?
CD 40 on the B cell
CD 40 ligand on the T cell
What happens in the germinal centres?
Activated naive B cels travel here (to the lymph node)
Purpose is to randomly generate a better fit antibody for the antigen (affinity maturation)
And produce that antigen (isotype switching)- IgG has a higher affinity for antigen than IgM
Generate memory B cells and plasma cells (generally migrate to the marrow)