Ch.10

Question 1

three ways to generate genetic variation

Answer 1

mutation in gene, mutation in regulatory DNA, and gene duplication/divergence, exon shuffling, transposition, horizontal gene transfer

Question 2

mutations in germ cells will be transmitted in only _____ reproducing organisms

Answer 2

sexually

Question 3

mutation affects single nucleotide pair in DNA

Answer 3

point mutation

Question 4

point mutations occur when mistakes are made in DNA ______ and ______

Answer 4

replication and repair

Question 5

changes in transcriptional control sequences have what consequence

Answer 5

alter how much or when transcription occurs

Question 6

gene duplication is caused by

Answer 6

crossing-over events

Question 7

duplication and movement of _____ occurs by gene duplication and divergence

Answer 7

exon

Question 8

mobile genetic elements can produce ______ mutations

Answer 8

insertional

Question 9

genes incorporated into cells, sometimes from other species is

Answer 9

horizontal gene transfer

Question 10

mutations and other genetic changes are retained if they have a _____ _____

Answer 10

selective advantage

Question 11

mutations accumulate in regions ________ significant functional roles

Answer 11

without

Question 12

genes show _____ changes and are thus _____

Answer 12

fewer, conserved

Question 13

about how much of the human genome is highly conserved among mammals

Answer 13

4.5%

Question 14

3 domains

Answer 14

bacteria, archea, and eukaryotes

Question 15

what are two mobile genetic elements

Answer 15

transposons and viruses

Question 16

move or transpose within genomes (do not escape cell)

Answer 16

transposons

Question 17

three familes of transposons

Answer 17

L1 and Alu sequence (DNA-only) and retrotransposons (RNA intermediate)

Question 18

virus ________ typically begins by infection of a cell

Answer 18

replication

Question 19

process of virus infection: viruses _______, _______ new particles and ______ the cell

Answer 19

replicate, assemble, lyse

Question 20

retroviruses are only found in

Answer 20

eukaryotes

Question 21

RNA genome that is reverse transcribed to a DNA molecule that integrates into host genome

Answer 21

retrovirus

Question 22

less than _% of genome codes for proteins

Answer 22

2

Question 23

two people vary by __% of nucleotide sequence

Answer 23

0.1

Question 24

______ account for most of the genetic variation

Answer 24

SNP’s