Autonomic Physiology

Question 1

What is the two sections of the nervous system
what are the two sections of that
what are the sections of one of those

Answer 1

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Spinal Cords and Brain (CNS)
Autonomic and Somatic (PNS)
Parasymapethic and sympathetic nervous system (autonomic)

Question 2

Where is the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System located?

Answer 2

PNS - Cranial and Sacral spinal cord (nerves)
SNS - Lumbar and thoracic

Question 3

What is the afferent sesnory and efferent sesnory ?
examples of these
which direction they travel

Answer 3

Afferent is the input ~ skin sensing temperature
Efferent is action ~ causing physiological change
Afferent up to the nervous system
Efferent down to the brain + spinal cord

Question 4

what is the difference between parasymaethic and symapethic nervous system

Answer 4

Parasymapethic allows body to ‘rest and digest’ also restoartive and energy conserving
Sypathetic allows ‘flight or fight’ also useful for ongoing activity

Question 5

what kind of manner do the sympathetic and parasymapethic divdison work
what does this allow

Answer 5

simulateneously in a reciporal and complentary manner maintaining homestsis

Question 6

What functions do these different organs have on maintenance of homeostatisis:
Skin (how)
Liver / pancreas
Lungs (to control what)
Heart / vasculature (how)
kidneys

Answer 6

Skin - thermoregulation (controlling contraction and relaxtion of smooth muscle in the vasculature)
Liver - metabolism of glucose and lipids
Lungs - ventilation to control partial pressures and pH
Heart - blood pressure by contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the vasculature
Kidneys - fluid balance

Question 7

what are the three parts of homesostatisis for a negative feedback loop

Answer 7

Sensor - efferent senses the porblem
Comarator / Intergator - sends right singals (respiratory control centre)
effector - causes the physiological change

Question 8

what is the anatomy of an ANS
ST CHAD

Answer 8

Axon Hillock
Myselin sheath
Axon Terminal
Axon
Dendrite
Cell Body

Question 9

different functions of the sections of the ANS
Dentries
Myselin Sheath
Axon Terminal

Answer 9

1. Action potential can propgoate down the axon (denrites reach other neuons and relay important information by action potential)
   myselin sheath are more rapid conduction along the length and arrives at the axon terminal

Question 10

Differences in PNS and SNS for:
Myelinated pre ganglionic fibres (neurons)
Pre ganglionic fibres synapse location
Unmyelinated post ganglionic fibres (Neurons)

Answer 10

pre neurons - SNS Short PNS LoNG
SNS in paravertebral or prevetebral gangila
PNS in target tissues or organs
Post - SNS long PNS short

Question 11

What are the neurotransmitter and receptor for SNS for:
Pre ganglionic neruons
Post ganglionic neurons

Answer 11

Pre - acetylcholine and nicotinice acetylcholine receptor
post - acetylcholine and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
OR noradreline and a1/a2 or b1/b2adrenrepcetors

Question 12

What are the neurotransmitter and receptor for PNS for:
Pre ganglionic neruons
Post ganglionic neurons

Answer 12

Pre - acetylcholine and nicotoinic acetylcholine receptor
post - acetylcholine and musacrinic acetylcholine receptor

Question 13

What is the RAPID reonse for non adrengeric non cholinergic transmission in PNS and SnS

Answer 13

PNS acetylcholine (ACH classic)
SNS adeonsine Tripophate (atp nanc)

Question 14

What is the Medium response for non adrengeric non cholinergic transmission in PNS and SnS

Answer 14

PNS Nitroic oxide (NO , NANC)
Noradrenaline (NAclassic)

Question 15

What is the SLOW reonse for non adrengeric non cholinergic transmission in PNS and SnS

Answer 15

PNS Intestinal peptide (VIP NANC)
Nueropeptide Y (NPY NANC)

Question 16

Steps of eletrical stimulation of postganaluonic parasymapethic fibres to vessel graphs against teeth of vascular smooth muscle

Answer 16

1. ACh and NO produce a rapid relaxation
2. Vaoactive intestinal peptide can produce a slow delayed reponse

Question 17

Steps of eletrical stimulation of postganaluonic symapethic fibres to vessel graphs against teeth of vascular smooth muscle

Answer 17

1. ATP produces a fast contraction of the smooth muscle
   Noradrenaline produce a moderanlty fast response
   Neuropeptide Y produce a slow reponse

Question 18

What is Acetylcholine

Answer 18

Is the endogenous agonist of cholinoceptors that are nicotinic or muscarinic

Question 19

Where are nAChR and mAChR loacted and what kind of receptors are they

Answer 19

nAChR present in ganglia and ligand gated ion channels
mAChR present in effector cells and g protein coupled receptors

Question 20

What are endogenous agonists

Answer 20

a family of adrenoceptors that are all G protein coupled receptors

Question 21

How are endogenous agonists classified
what is the rank for a adrenocpetors and b adrenoceptors

Answer 21

on the basis of rank order of potency of agonists
a arenoceptors : noradrenaline > adrenaline > isoprealine
b adrenoreceptor : isoerlaine > adrenaline > noradrenaline