non-compartmental analysis

Question 1

What PK properties can we quantitate?

Answer 1

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

Question 2

The rate of absorption describes how ________ a drug is absorbed. It is characterized by ________ and _______ in pharmacokinetics.

Answer 2

quick; first-order absorption rate constant (ka); the time it takes to reach the maximum plasma concentration (tmax)

Question 3

The extent of absorption describes how _______ a drug is absorbed. It is characterized by _____ and _____ in pharmacokinetics.

Answer 3

much; bioavailability (F); AUC

Question 4

For intravenous administration, the bioavailability value should be _______. For non-intravenous administration, the bioavailability value should be _______.

Answer 4

F=1; 0<F<1

Question 5

T/F - Dose in the system can be interpreted as the amount of drug in the body except for the unabsorbed drug in the GI.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

In pharmacokinetics, drug distribution is primarily characterized by _______, which represents _______ (distribution of drug in tissue/distribution of drug in plasma/relative distribution of drug between tissue and plasma).

Answer 6

volume of distribution; relative distribution of drug between tissue and plasma

Question 7

Elimination consists of _______ and _______.

Answer 7

metabolism; excretion

Question 8

Total clearance is a proportionality constant relating _______ to _______.

Answer 8

the rate of elimination; plasma drug concentration

Question 9

T/F A drug is considered being eliminated only after it leaves the body

Answer 9

False - A drug is considered to be eliminated after it is metabolized and transformed to a different chemical species.

Question 10

Disposition = ________ + ________

Answer 10

distribution + elimination

Question 11

disposition = ________ + ________ + ________

Answer 11

distribution + metabolism + excretion

Question 12

List 3 examples that when dose is changed, the PK variable will change proportionally under linear PK

Answer 12

concentration (C), AUC, elimination rate (dA/dt)

Question 13

List 5 examples that when dose is changed, the PK variable will stay unchanged under linear PK

Answer 13

V, CL, ka, t1/2, k

Question 14

List the 3 primary PK parameters

Answer 14

V - volume of distribution
CL - clearance
ka - absorption rate

Question 15

List 3 secondary PK parameters

Answer 15

t1/2, Cmax, tmax, AUC, F

Question 16

T/F If a drug has a large volume of distribution, its total clearance is likely to be low.

Answer 16

F - a drug having a large volume of distribution does not mean that the drug will have a low total clearance. The information is sufficient for us to make the interpretation.

Question 17

T/F - If a drug has a low total clearance, there will be more drug in the tissue and thus the volume of distribution should be large.

Answer 17

F - If a drug has a low total clearance, there will be more drug in both of the tissue and plasma and thus the volume of distribution should be unchanged.

Question 18

T/F - If the ka of a drug increases, its V and CL will increase

Answer 18

F - If the ka of a drug increases, its V and CL will be likely to stay the same

Question 19

If a drug has a V value of 15 L, it will be likely to distribute in _________

Answer 19

blood/plasma, interstitial/extracellular fluid

Question 20

If a drug has a V value of 25 L, it will be likely to reach ________

Answer 20

intracellular space

Question 21

Regarding mass balance, dose = ________ + ________ + _________ + __________

Answer 21

amount at the absorption site; amount in body; amount metabolized; amount excreted

Question 22

Regarding mass balance, rate of change of drug in body = _________ - _________

Answer 22

input rate; output rate

Question 23

Regarding mass balance, rate of change of drug in body = _______ - (_______ + _______) = _________- __________ - _________

Answer 23

rate of absorption - (rate of excretion + rate of metabolism) = rate of absorption - rate of metabolism - rate of excretion

Question 24

When ready state is reached, input rate ______ output rate

Answer 24

equals