Salicylate Overdose Flashcards
What is salicylate overdose?
It is defined as excessive ingestion of the salicylate drug class
What dose of salicylate is considered to be toxic?
> 125mg/kg
What salicylate drug is most commonly overdosed on?
Aspirin
What are the seven clincial features of salicylate overdose?
Fever > 38
Fatigue
Hyperventilation
Tinnitus
Sweating
Seizures
Coma
What are the two investigations used to diagnose salicylate overdose?
Blood Tests
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
What are the six blood test results indicative of salicylate overdose?
Increased Plasma Salicylate Levels
Increased Potassium Levels
Increased Creatinine Levels
Increased Urea Levels
Hyperglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia
When should plasma salicylate concentration levels be measured following overdose?
2 hours > ingestion
Then repeat this every 2 hours until the concentration peaks
What plasma salicylate concentration level is classed as mild toxicity?
Peak level = < 300mg/L
What plasma salicylate concentration level is classed as moderate toxicity?
Peak Level = 300 - 700 mg/L
What plasma salicylate concentration level is classed as severe toxicity?
Peak Level = > 700mg/L
What is the feature of salicylate overdose on ABG?
A mixed respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis
Explain the ABG results in salicylate overdoses
The early stimulation of the respiratory centres leads to a respiratory alkalosis, whilst later the direct acid effects of the salicylates may lead to metabolic acidosis
What are the three pharmacological management options of salicylate overdoses?
Activated Charcoal
IV Sodium Bicarbonate
Haemodialysis
When is activated charcoal used to manage salicylate overdoses?
It is recommended in individuals who present within one hour of salicylate overdose
How is activated charcoal used to manage salicylate overdoses?
It is used to reduce drug absorption
