Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the purpose of the Cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Transport- deliver oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells across the body and remove wastes (CO2, etc)
Protection- white blood cells and antibodies help fight infection, platelets clot wounds
Regulation- helps body maintain temp., pH, and water level

Question 2

What are the three elements of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

the heart (pump), the blood vessels (container), the blood (stuff)

Question 3

What are the components of blood? What is a ran through? How many liters of blood in the body?

Answer 3

Ran through a centrifuge, and is sorted into three distinct layers: plasma, buffy coat, and hematocrit; there are 5 liters in the body

Question 4

How much plasma makes up blood volume?

Answer 4

55%

Question 5

What is albumin? What is hypoalbuminemia?

Answer 5

albumin maintains osmotic pressure; hypoalbuminemia is low levels of albumin, which leads to edema (swelling)

Question 6

What are globulins? What are fibrinogens?

Answer 6

Globulins transport hormones; Fibrinogens aid in clotting

Question 7

What components make of plasma? All are made by?

Answer 7

Fibrinogens, globulins, albumin
Liver

Question 8

What does the buffy coat contain?

Answer 8

white blood cells (makes up 1% blood volume)

Question 9

What is another name for WBC’s and what are they involved in? What can they do with blood vessels, and what is this called?

Answer 9

leukocytes; involved in immune response to infection; they slip through blood vessels that aren’t capillaries, in a process called diapedesis

Question 10

What is leukocytosis? What is leukopenia?

Answer 10

Leukocytosis- too many WBC’s (signals infection or some cancers)
Leukopenia–not enough WBC’s (signals chemotherapy, radiation or some viral infections)

Question 11

What else does a buffy coat contain, besides WBC’s? What is it’s primary job?

Answer 11

platelets; aid in clotting

Question 12

Where does platelets come from? What do platelets love to stick to? What is another name for platelets?

Answer 12

a cell type called megakaryocyte; love to stick to collagen (clotting occurs); thrombocytes

Question 13

What is hematocrit?

Answer 13

the percentage of blood that is RBC’s

Question 14

What is the percentages of RBC’s for males and females?

Answer 14

45% in males
40% in females

Question 15

What else are RBC’s called? What are they have and what do they not have?

Answer 15

erythrocytes; they are anucleate and have no organelles

Question 16

What do RBC’s carry and how much? What do they carry?

Answer 16

carry over 250 million hemoglobin per RBC, and each hemoglobin holds 4 O2 molecules

Question 17

What is their shape and what does it given them? (RBC)

Answer 17

a biconcave disk and it gives them a high surface area volume ration

Question 18

What is anemia and the four types?

Answer 18

Anemia is any blood disorder where blood transports oxygen less efficiently
Iron deficiency, Sickle-cell, Thalassemia, Aplastic

Question 19

Describe the four types of anemia

Answer 19

Iron Deficiency- hemoglobin requires iron in its structure
Sickle-cell- hemoglobin protein has a single mutation (misshaped)
Thalassemia- imbalance in production of alpha and beta subunits on hemoglobin
Aplastic- toxins or other damage stop marrow from producing RBC’s

Question 20

What is thrombocytopenia?

Answer 20

Any disorder that causes a decrease. in the number of platelets (aka “Thrombocytes”)

Question 21

Where else can anemia appear?

Answer 21

Old age from nutritional deficiencies, lack of vitamins, and leukemia

Question 22

Describe the circle in which blood vessels “circle” around the body, starting from the heart

Answer 22

Blood leaves the heart through large arteries; Arteries branch into arterioles; Arterioles split into capillaries; Capillaries reassemble into venules; Venules then merge into veins